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age 35+
if they become pregnant at this age, then they are in good health = healthy pregnancies
age 35+
increased risk of fertility problems, high blood pressure, diabetes, miscarriages, placenta previa, c-section, premature birth, stillbirth, and baby w/ genetic disorder
environmental teratogens
this can affect women's eggs as a woman is born with all of them, and it gets exposed to more of these as she gets older = more risk bc of this and the age of the egg
older parents
more confident, less stressed, and are typically married providing family stability
older parents
children of these parents perform better on math & reading tests, and they are less prone to injuries or emotional troubles
older parents
women who choose to wait and delay having children = live longer and lead healthier lives
natural ability to have a child
_____ at later age = reproductive system aging slowly = the rest of her body is aging slowly too
teenage pregnancy
they're at a greater risk for being premature and having low birthweight or other serious health problems
teenage pregnancy
premature & low birthweight = organs not fully developed = breathing problems, bleeding in the brain, vision loss, and serious intestinal problems
teenage pregnancy
highest risk because they're least likely to get early and regular prenatal care
repeat births
concern for teen mothers
diabetes
condition where the body has too much glucose in the bloodstream
24-28 weeks
when pregnant women get their glucose level tested
gestational diabetes
often goes away after birth, but it might indicate risk for developing diabetes later in life
gestational diabetes
untreated = cause premature birth, stillbirth, baby having breathing problems at birth, jaundice, or low blood sugar
gestational diabetes
babies born to mothers with this are considerably heavier = labor and birth process is more difficult
preeclampsia
untreated gestational diabetes can result to this for expectant mothers
gestational diabetes
risk factors for this is age (25+), overweight / too much weight gain in pregnancy, fam history of diabetes, having this prior to pregnancy, race & ethnicity
high blood pressure (hypertension)
condition in which the pressure against the wall of the arteries becomes too high
gestational hypertension / chronic high blood pressure
high blood pressure (hypertension) < (2)
gestational hypertension
occurs during pregnancy and goes away after birth
chronic high blood pressure
they already had hypertension before preg OR they have developed it during pregnancy and continued after birth
high blood pressure (hypertension)
can cause premature birth, low birth weight, placental abruption, and the mother can develop preeclampsia
Rh
protein found in the blood
Rh negative
people where their protein is absent
Rh disease
mothers who are Rh negative at risk of having baby with this disease
Rh disease
form of anemia
Rh-positive
rh-positive father + rh-negative mother = ???
first baby = not harmed = safe
following babies = could be harmful
Rh disease
disease that can lead to jaundice, anemia, heart failure, brain damage, and death
too little weight gain
weight gain that can result in low-birth weight
too much weight gain
weight gain that can result in a premature or large baby
300 calories / day
women need additional _____ to help the baby grow
stress
high levels can affecting woman's immune systems = premature/low-birth
stress
high levels of this during pregnancy correlated with problem in baby's brain development (trouble paying attention) and immune system functioning
depression
feelings of sadness, worthlessness, guilt, and fatigue that interfere with one's daily functioning
depression
mothers with this result in baby being premature/lowbirth weight, irritable, less active, less attentive, and having fewer facial expressions
paternal impact (age)
older = miscarriages, autism, birth defects, achondroplasia (bone growth disorder), and schizophrenia
paternal impact (teratogens)
men may work with hazardous chemicals = teratogenic effects = genetic mutations, abnormal sperm = miscarriages or diseases
