APP 4-3: Cognitive Learning

Wolfgang Kohler

Gestalt psychologist associated with insight learning.

Cognitive learning

acquiring knowledge and understanding through thinking, experience, and senses

Behaviorism

all behaviors are acquired through interaction with the environment

Insight learning

problem solving occurs by means of a sudden reorganization of perceptions

Cognitive map

A mental representation of a physical space.

Edward Tolman

Psychologist associated with the concept of cognitive maps.

Latent learning

Learning that occurs as a result of experience

Hippocampus

The brain structure associated with the "drawing" of the cognitive map.

Albert Bandura

Psychologist closely associated with observational learning and the "BoBo Doll" experiment.

Observational learning/social learning

new responses are acquired after watching others' behavior

Causal

point to what type of relationship between observing violence and violent behavior.

Psychic numbing/Desensitization

viewer of media violence show a reduction in emotional arousal when they continuously observe violent acts.

Informativeness

The value of the conditioned stimulus in predicting the onset of the unconditioned stimulus.

Leon Kamin and Robert Rescorla

Psychologists associated with studies on informativeness

Long-term potentiation

persistent increase in the strength of a synaptic connection between two neurons in the brain (long term memory)

Limbic system

Damage to what brain structures would result in a reduced reward response.

Kandel and Hawkins

Neuroscientists associated with the idea of "conscious processing"