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the Troubles by 1970
sectarian violence becoming more common, widespread Catholic resentment of the British army
increase in paramilitary groups and activity
3 British soldiers killed in IRA attack
March 1971 - 4000 shipyard workers march to demand internment for the IRA leaders
300 people interned after introduction of new laws
August 1971 - IRA leader Jim Mcveigh states that internment was ‘among the best recruiting tools the IRA ever had’
95% of those interned were Catholics
Operation Demetrius
1971 - mass arrest and internment of suspected IRA members
1,981 people interned
the bloodiest year of the Troubles
1972 - 1382 explosions, 10,628 shooting incidents, 480 people killed
Bloody Sunday date
30th January 1972
Bloody Sunday
January 1972 - NICRA organised march against internment got out of control, ened with British soldiers firing live ammunition on protestors
26 unarmed civillians shot (many in the back!!)
13 killed
British embassy burned down in Dublin
2nd February 1972 - in reaction to Bloody Sunday
suspension of Stormont government
March 1972 - Heath suspends gov in NI and introduces direct Westminister rule. Willie Whitelaw appointed secretary of state
TURNING POINT
The Sunningdale Agreement date
December 1973
Sunningdale agreement
Dec 1973
a complex agreement negotiated by Whitelaw and Heath
established a power-sharing gov with the SDLP, the Alliance and the UUP
was widely opposed
high point of negotiation - starts idea that power-sharing is necessary for peace
Ulster Workers council strike
14th May 1974
an attempt to bring down the new executive under Sunningdale
British gov forced to declare a state of emergency
PM Brian Faulkner resigns from the power-sharing executive
Sunningdale collapses date
28th May 1974
Sunningdale collapses
May 1974 - Wilson reimposes direct rule, NI once again ruled by Westminster
Impact of Sunningdale collapse
Republican blanket protests and dirty protests in prisons
Wilson attempts to form a Northern Ireland Constitution Convention however…
1975 elections in NI - resulted in a majority of unionists who opposed power-sharing - no agreement would be possible
NICC abandoned in 1976
was Sunningdale doomed to fail because of problems in mainland Britain
Britain was preoccupied with conflict with the unions, poor economy, oil price crisis etc
more gov attention could have been allocated to NI if not
Attacks in mainland Britain
October/November 1974
Guildford, 5 killed
Birmingham, 19 killed
significant: now grown into a larger issue effecting mainland
Prevention of Terrorism act
29th November 1974
Gave the British government special powers in the interrogation of potential terror suspects
Special Category status removed
1976 - political/terrorist prisoners treated the same as criminal prisoners now - lost special privileges
upset the paramilitary groups
Airey Neave killed by an IRA bomb
March 1979 - the Tory spokesman on NI killed in the House of Commons car park
