FREUD’s PSYCHOANALYTIC, Lawrence Kohlberg stages of moral development

FREUD's theory

EROGENEOUS
FIXATION

Freud's Stages of Psychosexual Development

oral stage, anal stage, phallic stage, latency stage, genital stage

Freud personality component

id, ego, superego

FIXATION

Results from failure to satisfy the needs of a particular psychosexual stage.

EROGENEOUS

A specific area that becomes the focus of pleasure of needs.

Oral Stage

occurring from birth to about 18 months. During this stage, an infant's primary source of interaction and pleasure comes from the mouth. Activities such as sucking, biting, and chewing are central to their

Anal Stage

occurring roughly between the ages of 18 months and 3 years. During this period, a child's primary focus of pleasure shifts to the anus, and the associated activities, such as potty
training, become central to their development.

Phallic Stage

occurring between ages 3 and 6. During this stage, children's focus shifts to their genitalia, and they become more aware of their bodies and the differences between genders.

Latency Stage

typically occurring from around age 6 to puberty (about 12 years old). During this period, sexual feelings and interests are said to become dormant or less pronounced as children
focus on other aspects of development.

Genital Stage

typically beginning at puberty and continuing into adulthood. During this stage, sexual interests re-
emerge, but in a more mature and balanced way compared to earlier stages.

ID

is the part of you that wants immediate pleasure and doesn't care about rules or consequences.
• It operates on the pleasure principle, which means it seeks instant satisfaction and without regard for reality, logic, or
practicality.
• According to Sigmund Freud, a child is born with the id, driving the baby's basic needs and desires.

EGO

is the part of you that makes decisions that balance the id's desires with the reality of the situation and the needs
of others. The ego is practical and rational considering
the best response to situations and avoiding impulsive or selfish behavior that could lead to negative consequences.
According to Freud, the ego develops as a child interacts with the world and learns about the reality of their environment.

SUPEREGO

represents a persons internalized sense of morality, shaping their understanding of right and wrong.

topographical model

unconscious, preconscious, conscious

unconscious

is the primary source of human behavior. Like an iceberg, the most
important part of the mind is the part you cannot see.
-can include repressed feelings, hidden memories, habits, thoughts, desires, and reactions. Memories and emotions that are too painful, embarrassing, shameful, or distressing to consciously face are stored in the enormous reservoir that makes up the unconscious mind.

Preconscious

contains thoughts and feelings that a
person is not currently aware of, but which can easily be brought to consciousness.
• Information such as our telephone number, some childhood memories, or the name of your best childhood friend is stored in the preconscious.

conscious

holds what we
are aware of, but it's a small part of our personality.

Lawrence Kohlberg

Famous for his theory of moral development

moral reasoning

cognitive process of deciding whether something is right or wrong

3 major level

pre conventional
conventional
post conventional

6 stages

punishment
mutual benefit
social approval
law and order
social contract
universal principle

Pre-conventional

moral reasoning is based on the consequence of the act, not on the whether the act itself is good or bad

under pre conventional

punishment/obedience
mutual benefit

punishment/obedience

One is motivated by fear of punishment. He will act in order to avoid punishment.

mutual benefit

One is motivated to act by the benefit that one may obtain later.

conventional level

moral reasoning is based on convention or norms of society

Under conventional

social approval
law and order

social approval

One is motivated by what others expect in behavior

law and order

One is motivated to act in order to uphold law and order. The person will follow the law because it is the law.

post conventional

moral reasoning is enduring or consistent principles. it is not just recognizing the law, but the principles behind the law

under post conventional

social contract
universal principle

Social Contract

laws that are wrong can be changed, one will act based on social justice and the common good

Universal Principles

development of ones conscience. having a set of standard that drives one to possess moral responsibility to make societal changes regardless of consequence to oneself