10 d - cerebellum

what comprises the cerebellum

• Two hemispheres (cerebellar hemispheres), separated by vermis (band of cortex)

• Folia cerebelli (aka gyri)

• Arbor vitae - Connects cerebellar cortex with cerebellar peduncles (superior, middle, inferior)

what seperates the left and right hemispheres

longitudinal fissure

what are the lobes of the brain

Four lobes

• Frontal - conscious control of

  skeletal muscles

• parietal - conscious perception of

  touch, pressure, vibration, pain,

  temperature, and taste

• occipital - perception of visual

  stimuli

• temporal - conscious perception

  of auditory and olfactory stimuli/deep is

  the insula

where is the precentral gyrus and what does it do

• Anterior to the central sulcus

• Consists of primary motor cortex (M1, or Brodmann area 4)

• Neurons direct voluntary movements by controlling somatic motor neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord

where is the postcentral gyrus and what does it do

• Posterior to the central sulcus

• Consists of the primary somatosensory cortex (BA #3,1,2)

• Neurons receive somatic sensory information for touch, pressure, pain, taste, and are associated with visual cortex, auditory cortex, olfactory cortex, and gustatory cortex

• motor in front of central sulcus and sensory behind

what are the different cerebral association areas

Somatosensory (just behind post central gyrus) : allows for the understanding of size, form, and texture

Premotor cortex : uses memories of learned movement to coordinate motor activities - if damaged it can affect motor memory and coordination

Visual association : visually recognizes and interprets objects

Auditory association : recognizes sound, recognizing peoples voices

what are cerebral association areas

cc. primary areas

Areas associated with integrating and understanding sensory or motor

information

what do each of the following areas do : brocas area, prefrontal cortex, wernickes area

• broca’s area - production of speech, sequence of motor movements to talk, regulates breathing pattern for speech

• prefrontal cortex - decision making, personality, performs complicated learning and reasoning functions

• wernicke’s area - understanding context and language, deriving meaning, language comprehension

what are the different white matter tracts and their function

• association fibers - interconnect cortical areas within the same hemisphere

• arcuate fibers - interconnect gyri within a lobe, short distance between regions

• longitudinal fasciculi - interconnect frontal lobe with other cerebral lobes, same hemisphere longer fiber

• commissural fibers (corpus callosum, anterior commissure) - interconnect corresponding lobes of different hemispheres

• projection fibers - connect cerebral cortex to diencephalon, brainstem, cerebellum, and spinal cord