Restriction Mapping and Gel Electrophoresis Lecture Notes

These flashcards provide key vocabulary and definitions related to restriction mapping and gel electrophoresis.

Restriction Enzymes

Enzymes that recognize specific DNA sequences and cut the double-stranded DNA at these sites.

Isolating DNA

The process of extracting plasmid or genomic DNA from cells while preserving its integrity.

Ligation

The process of joining two DNA strands together, typically using the enzyme DNA ligase.

Agarose Gel Electrophoresis

A technique used to separate DNA fragments based on size by applying an electrical current to a gel.

Sticky Ends

Short overhanging sequences of single-stranded DNA that are created when certain restriction enzymes cut DNA.

Blunt Ends

Ends of DNA that are directly cut at the center of the restriction site, lacking overhangs.

DNA Methylation

The addition of a methyl group to DNA, used by bacteria to protect their own DNA from restriction enzymes.

Chelating Agent

A chemical agent, such as EDTA, that binds to metal ions to protect DNA during extraction.

Supercoiled DNA

A form of DNA that is tightly coiled and migrates faster in gel electrophoresis than open circular DNA.

PCR

Polymerase Chain Reaction, a technique used to amplify and isolate specific DNA fragments.