Environmental Davis and Masten

Al(OH)3

Coagulation

Al(PO4)

Phosphate removal

CaCO3

Aragonite

Softening

Corrosion removal

Fe(OH)3

Coagulation

Iron removal

FePO4

Phosphate removal

Mg(OH)2

Removal of Calcium and magnesium

HCL

pH adjustment

HNO3 and H2SO4

Acid Rain formation

Aryl Compounds

Aromatic compounds

Cyclic and have alternating double bonds, in a resonance structure in which all of the carbons in the ring share #bond electrons

Sorption

Essentially attachment of the chemical to either mineral or organic portions of soilparticlesand includes both absorptions and adsorption

Blackbody Radiation

The maximum amount of radiation that an object can emit at a given temperature

Cancer

An abnormal growth process in which cell begins a phase of uncontrolled growth and spread

Carcinoma

Cancer of epithelial tissues. Lung cancer and skin cancer

Lymphomas

Hodgkin's disease

Cancer of lymphatic systems

Metastasis

Process of spreading and migration of cancer cels throughout the body

Sarcoma

Cancer of mesodermal tissue as fat and muscle

Teratogensis

Production of birth defect in the offspring after maternal or paternal exposure

Limnology

study of the ecology of inland water

Limnetic Zone

Layer of open water where photosynthesis can occur

Euphotic Zone

Upper layer of water through which the sunlight can penetrate

Littoral Zone

Shallow water near the shore in which rooted water plants can grow

Benthic Zone

Bottom sediments

Oligotraphic Lakes

Lakes have a low level of productivity due to severely limited supply of nutrients to promote algal bloom

Eutrophic Lakes

Lakes have high productivity because of an abundant supply of nutrients

Mesotrophic Lakes

Lakes intermediate between oligotrophic and eutrophic

Dystrophic Lakes

Lakes receive large quantity of organic material from outside lake and have low productivity due to low nutrient concentration

Hypereutrophic Lakes

Lake that is extremely eutrophic with high level/intense of algal bloom

Senescent Lake

Very old, shallow stage in advance stage of eutrophication

NOAEL

No Observed adverse Effect Level

Lignite

Poorest quality of coal

Bituminous

Soft coal

Anthracite

Hard coal

Best Quality

Tar Sands

Sands laden with petroleum that is too viscous to flow

NHV

Net heating value

AMD

Acid mine drainage

Clay classification

Kaolinite

Montmorillonite

Illite

Amorphous clay

Saline Soil

White Alkali

Sodic Soil

Soils that do not contain large amount of salts

Carbonate Hardness

Amount of hardness equal to the total hardness or total Alkalinity

No carbonate Hardness

Permanently Hardness

Total hardness in excess of alkalinity

CaO

Quicklime

Na2CO3

Sodium Carbonated

Soda ash

Schmutzdecke

Forms on the surface of sand filters, has smaller pore spaces

Psychrophiles

Below 20 *C microorganisms grow best

Mesophiles

20-40 *C microorganism grow best

Thermophiles

40-60 *C microorganism grow best

Sternothermophiles

Above 60 *C microorganism grow best

Fungi

Multicellular, non photosynthetic, heterotrophic organisms

Algae

Photo autotrophs and may be either unicellular or multicellular

Protozoa

Single celled organism hat can produce through binary fission

Rotifera and Crustaceans

Animals aerobic, multicellular chemo autotrophs

Anabolism

All biochemical processes by which the bacterium synthesized new chemical compounds needed by the cell to live and reproduce

Anoxic decomposition

Microorganism can use nitrate NO3 as terminal electron acceptor in the absence of molecular oxygen

Pseudomonas and flavobacterium

Can degrade PCB

Fungi

Can degrade 4-Chlorobiphenyl

Corynebacterium pyrogenes

Can degrade toxaphene

Anacystic nidulans

Can degrade Dieldrine

Soil Bacteria, Sewage Sludge

Can degrade DDT