Magnets

Magnet

A magnet is any material that attracts iron and materials that contain iron.

Magnetic Poles 

• A magnet always has a pair of poles

  • north pole and south pole.

• Magnetic poles that are unlike ( N S ) attract each other

• Magnetic poles that are alike (NN,SS) repel each other. 

Magnetic Force

• Magnetic force = the attraction or repulsion between magnetic poles. 

• Force = a push or pull that can cause an object to move

Magnetic Field

• Magnetic Field is the region around a magnetic material or a moving electric charge within which the force of magnetism acts.

Magnetic Field Lines

• are a visual tool used to represent magnetic fields. They describe the direction of the magnetic force on a north monopole at any given position.

Atom

Atoms are the basic particles of the chemical elements. An atom consists of a nucleus which contains, protons and neutrons, this is surrounded by a swarm or cloud of electrons.

Element

An element is a pure substance consisting of only one type of atom which all have the same numbers of protons in their nucleus. 

Examples of elements are: 

iron, carbon, oxygen, copper

Nucleus

The atomic nucleus is the small, dense region consisting of protons and neutrons at the center of an atom.

Proton

• Positive charge subatomic particle.

• Protons have a mass of 1 [atomic mass unit]

• are found in the nucleus of an atom.

Neutron

• NO charge subatomic particle, they are neutral. 

• Neutron’s have a mass of 1 [atomic mass unit]. 

• Neutrons are found in the nucleus of an atom. 

Electron

• Negatively charged subatomic particle.

• Electrons are very small, they do not add significant to the mass of an atom, 

• Electrons spin around in the cloud of an atom. 

Magnetic Domain 

A "magnetic domain" is a region within a magnetic material where the atoms are all aligned in the same direction, essentially acting like a tiny magnet within a larger material.

Ferromagnetic material

A ferromagnetic material is a substance that exhibits a strong magnetic attraction when placed in a magnetic field, meaning it can be easily magnetized and retains its magnetism even after the external field is removed, with common examples including iron, nickel, and cobalt.

Temporary Magnet

A temporary magnet is a material that only becomes magnetized when exposed to a magnetic field or an electric current, and loses its magnetism when the external influence is removed.

Permanent Magnet

A magnet that retains its magnetism after removal of the magnetizing force.

Compass

it’s essentially a small magnet itself, with a magnetized needle that freely rotates, allowing it to align with the Earth's magnetic field, which is why it points north; meaning the "needle" of a compass is essentially a tiny bar magnet that responds to the magnetic forces around it.

Magnetic Declination 

Magnetic declination is the angle between true north (geographic north) and magnetic north (the direction a compass needle points), essentially showing how much a compass needle deviates from true north at a given location.

Magnetosphere

A magnetosphere is that area of space, around a planet, that is controlled by the planet's magnetic field.

Aurora

If you're near the North Pole, it is called an aurora borealis or northern lights. If you're near the South Pole, it is called an aurora australis or the southern lights.

Aurora. - brightly colored bands of light, visible around Earth's geomagnetic poles, caused by solar wind interacting with particles in Earth's magnetic field.

Attract VS Repel

S pole of one faces the N pole of the other, the magnets will move towards each other.

Two of the same poles face each other, the magnets will move away from each other.

Shape of Magnets

Magnetize

in physics it means that a material has been exposed to a magnetic field and has gained the property of attracting iron, essentially becoming a magnet; it refers to the process where a substance develops magnetic properties due to the alignment of its magnetic domains when placed in a magnetic field.

Breaking vs Destroy Magnets

breaking - fixable. done by fracturing the magnet
Destroyed - unfixable. done by heating, repeativly dropping, or exposing it to strong opposite magnet force [demagnetize]