Updated Texas History Final Exam

A.F. Lucas

"That Man's Crazy" Believed that oil could be found around the gulf coast of Texas.

Joseph Sayers

Governor of TX at beginning of progressive era; not committed to reform & many racial ideas established i.e. white primary & poll tax along with segregation

J.S. Cullinan

Developed the first refinery in Corsicana, Organized the Magnolia Petroleum Company

Franklin Roosevelt

1933-1945, Democrat, "forgotten man," broke two term rule, platform - prohibition, help farmers, prevent fraud, balanced budget, decrease public spending, third election - two groups: "Defend America by Aiding the Allies" and "America First"

Ross S. Sterling

31st governor of Texas, after Miriam Ferguson! He started (along with others) Humble Oil Company which is now exxon-mobile; sent in National Guard to stop hot oil/teakettle refineries

Columbus M. "Dad" Joiner

Discovered one of largest oil fields in East Texas. Father of the oil strike.

James Ferguson

The only Texas governor to be impeached and convicted

Miriam “Ma” Ferguson

first female governor of Texas created Texas Rehabilitation Commission

Annie Webb Blanton

Leader of TSTA, Mother of public education, "Better Schools Campaign". Most known for finding more ways to fund schools.

J. Frank Norris

Baptist preacher who militantly attacked all forms of what he believed was modernism
against public education teachers that taught evolution. Disliked J.M. Dawson.

Earl B. Mayfield

Part of the KKK; lawyer, supported prohibition; democrat, ran for senate 1922 wins

Magnolia Petroleum Company

First oil company in Texas eventually become Mobile Oil.

Standard Oil Company

Founded by John D. Rockefeller. Largest unit in the American oil industry in 1881. Known as A.D. Trust, it was outlawed by the Supreme Court of Ohio in 1899. Replaced by the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey.

Spindletop

Jan. 10, 1901 oil derrick in East Texas struck oil and produced over 100,000 barrels of oil a day that brought investors and speculators to Texas with money and jobs.

Gulf Oil Company

created by Andrew Mellon

Humble Oil Company

Ross Sterling built refineries in Humble and Baytown

Texas Company

James Cullinan and James Hall changed name to Texaco

Oil and Industrialization

railroad tank cars, oil tankers, port facilities, oil filed equipment 3 mil a year., natural gas, real-estate firms, asphalt

Urbanization and Cities

Dallas, Fort Worth, San Antonio, Houston, and El Paso were the first to grow to 100,000 population

Political "Undesirables"

cut the opportunity to vote for Blacks, Mexicans, and poor whites, and republicans.

Poll Tax

Any general election year, you would have to pay poll tax in January to be able to vote. Proposed to cut undesirables bcs they could not afford it.

Terrell Election Law

People (Allowed to vote) had more active role in selecting the people running for office. "White" Primary.

Lynching in Texas

Unjust killings of African Americans, for unproven crimes.

El Paso Jail Holocaust

37 cases of Cholera, 36 were migrant workers: rounded up- put in El Paso jail and were doused w gasoline and burned

Jesse Washington

Young black man arrested for the murder of Lucy Fryer. There was no evidence except he was found in that neighborhood. Men drug him out of his cell and tied him to a tree to cut his body and then tied him to the back of a car. An estimated 10,000 people saw him being tortured and no one did anything to prevent it.

Anti-Saloon League

National organization set up in 1895 to work for prohibition. Later joined with the WCTU to publicize the effects of drinking.

Texas Brewers Association

Brewing beer; talks about the rise and fall of texas breweries

Better Schools Campaign

Allow school districts to gain funding in other ways than property tax.

Progressivism and Education

a political movement in response to significant economic, social, and political inequalities. While the progressive promotion of public health initiatives and universal education benefitted everyone, especially the poor and immigrants, progressives did not organize to promote black suffrage or equal rights.

Great Depression

agriculture and the new industries of oil and lumber fell, the state's economy was further crippled by the devastating effects of the Dust Bowl.

Rugged Individualism

The belief that all individuals, or nearly all individuals, can succeed on their own and that government help for people should be minimal. Popularly said by Herbert Hoover.

Reconstruction Finance Corp.

an agency authorized by the U.S. government to loan money to assist the nation's ailing banks after the stock market crash of 1929 and during the Great Depression that followed

Voluntarism

The funding of churches by their members. It allowed the laity to control the clergy, while also supporting the republican principle of self-government.

Proration Orders

The Railroad Commission began to set the rate at which every oil well in Texas might produce

"teakettle" refineries

refineries built by independents to bypass the proration, hot oil