Histone Acetylation and Methylation in Gene Expression
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What is the general effect of histone acetylation on transcription?
Acetylation of lysines on histones loosens chromatin and activates transcription.
Which histone residues are commonly acetylated during activation?
Lysines on H3 (K9, K14, K18, K23, K27) and H4 (K5, K8, K12, K16).
What is the effect of histone hypoacetylation?
It is associated with transcriptional repression.
How does histone methylation affect transcription?
Depending on the site, it can either activate or repress transcription.
Which methylation marks are linked to activation?
H3K4me3 and H3K4me1 at promoters and enhancers, and H3K36me or H3K79me in transcribed regions for elongation.
Which methylation marks are linked to repression?
H3K9me2/3, H3K27me2/3, and H4K20me2/3.
What is the role of Polycomb and Trithorax complexes?
Polycomb complexes maintain repression through histone methylation, while Trithorax complexes counteract repression by methylating H3K4 to keep genes active.