ANA 100

cytology

a branch of pathology that diagnoses and screens for disease by examining individual cells under a microscope

histology (microscopic anatomy)

the study of the body with the aid of a microscope

gross anatomy

the study of the body with the unaided eye

systemic anatomy

the study of the body by organizing its structures into discrete organ systems

regional anatomy

the study of a particular body region as a separate unit

pathological anatomy (human pathology)

studying the structural and functional changes which occur in the body as a result of disease

topographical anatomy (surface anatomy)

the study of surface shape and form of the human body, and the ability to use this knowledge to locate underlying structures

anatomical position

To stand erect with arms at the sides and palms of the hands turned forward

anterior

front (ventral)

posterior

behind (dorsal)

medial

middle

lateral

side

Superior

above or toward the head

inferior

beneath, lower, undersurface of an organ, structure below another structure

proximal

nearest to the point of attachment to the trunk of the body

distal

farther away from the point of attachment

internal

inside the body

external

outside of the body

parietal

pertaining to the outer wall of the body cavity

visceral

pertaining to the internal organs

peripheral

pertaining to the outer surface, away from the center

central

pertaining to a central point

superficial

near the surface

deep

below the surface, toward the center

frontal or coronal plane

vertical plane that cuts the body from side to side to make left and right portions

saggital plane

body is cut from back to front that results in left and right sections

midsagittal plane

divides the body into equal right and left sides

transverse or cross plane

body is cut horizontally or crosswise resulting in upper and lower portions

cell

smallest unit of life

tissue

collection of cells that perform a particular function

epithelial tissue

covering the outer surface of many body parts; the lining of inner surfaces of the body cavity and organs

connective tissue

protects, supports, and binds body parts together

types of connective tissue

areolar(loose), adipose(fat), fibrous, bone

muscular tissue

tissue that moves body parts

nervous tissue

located in the nervous system

what does nervous tissue do

receive stimuli, conduct impulses, control body functions

organs

a group of tissues arranged for the performance of a function

organ system

two or more organs working together to perform a specific function

organism

living being

cranial region

within the skull

buccal region

cheek

oral region

mouth

orbital region

eyes

cervical region

neck

pectoral region

chest

what is in the pectoral region

thorax (heart, lungs, thoracic cage)

costal

ribs

axillary

armpit

carpall

wrist

abdominal

stomach

pelvic

pelvis

inguenal

groin

femoral

thigh

patellar or popliteal

kneecap

dorsal cavity

cranial and spinal

ventral cavity

thoracic, abdominopelvic

what is the abdominopelvic cavity

contains the abdomen and the pelvis

what is in the thoracic cavity

mediastinum and pleural cavities

what is in the mediastinum cavity

trachea and heart

what is in the pleural cavity

lungs

what is in the abdominal cavity

lover, gallbladder, stomach, spleen, pancreas, small intestine, part of large intestine

what is in the pelvic cavity

sigmoid colon, rectum, reproductive organs, bladder

linear guide

A line drawn or visualized on the surface of the skin to represent the approximate location of some deeper-lying structure

anatomical guide

a descriptive reference for locating arteries and veins by means of identifiable anatomical structures

anatomical limit

the point of origin and point of termination of a structure in relation to adjacent structures used to designate the boundaries of arteries

carotid artery linear guide

a line from a point over the respective sternoclavicular articulation to a point over the anterior surface of the earlobe

what is the relation of the carotid artery to the SCM

posterior to the medial border

where is the right carotid artery

right sternoclavicular articulation to the superior border of the thyriod cartilage

where is the left carotid artery

second costal cartilage to the superior border of the thyroid cartilage

adipo-

fat

angio-

blood vessel

arterio-

artery

artho-

joint

cardio-

heart

cephalo-

head

cervico-

neck

chol-

bile

crani-

skull

cutane-

skin

cyto-

cellular

derm-

skin

gastro-

stomach

gloss-

tongue

hem-

blood

hep-

liver

myo-

muscle

nephr-

kidney

oculo-

eye

ossi/e-

bone

phleb-

veins

phren-

diaphragm

ren-

kidney

thora-

chest

vasculo-

blood vessel

accessory

applied to a lessor structure that resembles a similar organ in structure and function

bilary

bile

cuvature

a normal or abnormal bending away; an arc

cystic

sac like structure

eminence

prominence or projection

fissure

narrow crack or opening