recording of electrical activity from cortical neurons of the brain
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Beta
14-30 Hz, 5-10 μV, active, alert, and focused
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Alpha
8-13 Hz, 8-14 μV, awake but drowsey, not active/not focused, daydreaming
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Theta
4-7 Hz, 100 μV, light sleep
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Delta
0.5-3 Hz, 20-200 μV, deep sleep, unconscious
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Transition from Beta to alpha waves (due to cutting off visual input
eyes closed)
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Sleep stage 1 (SWS1 or NREM1)
brief transition between awake state and sleep state, transition from alpha to theta waves
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Sleep stage 2 (SWS2 or NREM2)
Light sleep with theta dominant wave pattern
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Stage 3 and 4 (SWS3 and 4 or NREM3 and 4)
deep sleep, delta wave dominant pattern
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REM (rapid eye movement)
high frequency beta-like wave pattern
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Atonia
paralysis of voluntary muscles (sleep paralysis), only extraocular muscles and diaphragm remain active
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What is an electroencephalogram (EEG)?
recording of electrical activity from cortical neurons of the brain
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True or False: There is no direct correlation between activity level (or level of input) and synchronization of cortical neurons.
False - is a correlation
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Neurons will ___ as long as individual is alive, regarding of acitivity or input level.
depolarize
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No depolarization of neurons means ___.
individual is dead
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Increased input --> ___ synchronization --> ___ frequency
decreased, increased
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During an increased input, neurons will ___.
respond and depolarize as senory input arrives
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Decreased input --> ___ synchronization --> ___ frequency
increased, decreased
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During a decreased input, neurons will ___.
synchronize and depolarize together
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The wave patterned is named for the wave type that ___ because there is normally a mix of wave types.
dominates
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Amplitude and frequency are ___ related.
inversely
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Beta waves has a ___ Hz frequency and ___μV amplitude.
14-30; 5-10
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What wave type is characterized by being active, alert, and focused?
Beta
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Alpha waves has a ___ Hz frequency and ___μV amplitude.
8-13; 8-14
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What wave type is characterized by being awake but drowsey, not active/not focused, and daydreaming?
alpha
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Theta waves has a ___ Hz frequency and ___μV amplitude.
4-7; 100
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What wave type is characterized by light sleep?
theta
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Delta waves has a ___ Hz frequency and ___μV amplitude.
0.5-3; 20-200
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What wave type is characterized by deep sleep and unconsciousness?
delta
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During awake stage, there is a transition from ___ to ___ waves (normally due to cutting off visual input).
beta to alpha
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During sleep stage 1, there is a transition from ___ to ___ waves and characterized by slow eye movement and a floating sensation.
alpha to theta
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During sleep stage 2, the dominant wave pattern is ___ waves and characterized by a slight decreasing breathing and heart rate.
theta
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What is only found in sleep stage 2?
sleep sindles
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Higher average of sleep spindles mean ___.
better sleep
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During sleep stages 3 and 4, there is a transition from ___ to ___ waves and characterized by sleepwalking, oblivious sleep, and decrease in body temp, breathing, and heart rate.
theta to delta
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What is the wave pattern during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep?
high frequency beta-like
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What is REM sleep called paradoxical sleep?
due to high frequency pattern
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Atonia, paralysis of voluntary muscles causing sleep paralysis, and only extraocular muscles and diaphragm remain active is present in which sleep stage?
REM
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What sleep stage is characterized by having vivid dreams?
REM
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The sleep cycle "shortcuts" as sleep progresses so early cycles include ___ and later cycles include ___.
Studied by 3 people
