Lab 3: Electroencephalogram

Neurons

________ synchronize and depolarize together.

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

recording of electrical activity from cortical neurons of the brain

Beta

14-30 Hz, 5-10 μV, active, alert, and focused

Alpha

8-13 Hz, 8-14 μV, awake but drowsey, not active/not focused, daydreaming

Theta

4-7 Hz, 100 μV, light sleep

Delta

0.5-3 Hz, 20-200 μV, deep sleep, unconscious

Transition from Beta to alpha waves (due to cutting off visual input

eyes closed)

Sleep stage 1 (SWS1 or NREM1)

brief transition between awake state and sleep state, transition from alpha to theta waves

Sleep stage 2 (SWS2 or NREM2)

Light sleep with theta dominant wave pattern

Stage 3 and 4 (SWS3 and 4 or NREM3 and 4)

deep sleep, delta wave dominant pattern

REM (rapid eye movement)

high frequency beta-like wave pattern

Atonia

paralysis of voluntary muscles (sleep paralysis), only extraocular muscles and diaphragm remain active

What is an electroencephalogram (EEG)?

recording of electrical activity from cortical neurons of the brain

True or False: There is no direct correlation between activity level (or level of input) and synchronization of cortical neurons.

False - is a correlation

Neurons will ___ as long as individual is alive, regarding of acitivity or input level.

depolarize

No depolarization of neurons means ___.

individual is dead

Increased input --> ___ synchronization --> ___ frequency

decreased, increased

During an increased input, neurons will ___.

respond and depolarize as senory input arrives

Decreased input --> ___ synchronization --> ___ frequency

increased, decreased

During a decreased input, neurons will ___.

synchronize and depolarize together

The wave patterned is named for the wave type that ___ because there is normally a mix of wave types.

dominates

Amplitude and frequency are ___ related.

inversely

Beta waves has a ___ Hz frequency and ___μV amplitude.

14-30; 5-10

What wave type is characterized by being active, alert, and focused?

Beta

Alpha waves has a ___ Hz frequency and ___μV amplitude.

8-13; 8-14

What wave type is characterized by being awake but drowsey, not active/not focused, and daydreaming?

alpha

Theta waves has a ___ Hz frequency and ___μV amplitude.

4-7; 100

What wave type is characterized by light sleep?

theta

Delta waves has a ___ Hz frequency and ___μV amplitude.

0.5-3; 20-200

What wave type is characterized by deep sleep and unconsciousness?

delta

During awake stage, there is a transition from ___ to ___ waves (normally due to cutting off visual input).

beta to alpha

During sleep stage 1, there is a transition from ___ to ___ waves and characterized by slow eye movement and a floating sensation.

alpha to theta

During sleep stage 2, the dominant wave pattern is ___ waves and characterized by a slight decreasing breathing and heart rate.

theta

What is only found in sleep stage 2?

sleep sindles

Higher average of sleep spindles mean ___.

better sleep

During sleep stages 3 and 4, there is a transition from ___ to ___ waves and characterized by sleepwalking, oblivious sleep, and decrease in body temp, breathing, and heart rate.

theta to delta

What is the wave pattern during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep?

high frequency beta-like

What is REM sleep called paradoxical sleep?

due to high frequency pattern

Atonia, paralysis of voluntary muscles causing sleep paralysis, and only extraocular muscles and diaphragm remain active is present in which sleep stage?

REM

What sleep stage is characterized by having vivid dreams?

REM

The sleep cycle "shortcuts" as sleep progresses so early cycles include ___ and later cycles include ___.

deep sleep; stage 2 and REM