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what are the two main parts of the oral cavity?
the vestibule of the mouth
the oral cavity proper
what is the vestibule of the mouth?
a slit like space between the lips and cheeks externally and the teeth and gums internally
what are the boundaries of the oral vestibule?
anteriorly and laterally by the inner surface of the lips and cheeks
posterior and medially by the facial surfaces of the teeth and the gingiva, and talveolar processes of the maxilla and mandible
how does the oral vestibule open externally?
through the oral fissure
how does the oral vestibule communicate with the oral cavity proper when the jaws are closed?
through the spaces behind the last molar teeth, known as retromolar space
how does the parotid duct open into the vestibule?
through the parotid papilla, which is opposite (lateral) to the crown of the upper second molar teeth
what are the boundaries of the oral cavity proper?
anteriorly and laterally by the teeth, gums and alveolar arches
posteriorly by the oropharyngeal isthmus / isthmus of the fauces
the roof (superiorly) by the hard and soft palate
the floor (inferiorly) by the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and the mucous covering the mylohyoid muscles
the mucous membrane on the floor of the mouth starts and ends where?
it begins from the side and under the surface of the tongue, passing till the inner gums of the mandible
what is the frenulum linguae?
a thin, median fold of mucous membrane under the surface of the tongue that connects it to the floor of the mouth
what is the sublingual fold?
a small ridge that the floor of the mouth presents on each side of the frenulum linguae
what is the sublingual fold produced by?
the sublingual salivary glands
what opening does the sublingual fold carry?
it carries the openings of the sublingual duct
what is the lingual papilla?
at the median end of the sublingual fold close to the frenulum is a small elevation known as the lingual papilla
what opening does the lingual papilla carry?
the opening of the submandibular duct
what are the lips?
two soft folds which surround the oral fissure. they are covered externally by the skin and internally by the mucous membrane
what do the lips contain?
the orbicularis oris
superior and inferior labial vessels
sensory and motor nerves
small labial salivary glands
an abundant amount of areolar tissue
what median depression does the front of the upper lip present?
the philtrum
how is the inner surface of the lip connected to the gums?
they are connected by the labial frenula, one superiorly and one inferiorly
where do the cheeks lie?
they lie on each side of the oral fissure and form a large part of the sides of the face
what are the cheeks demarcated by?
by the nasolabial groove externally, which extends from the side of the nose downward and laterally to the angle of the mouth on each side
what are the gums (gingiva)?
they are dense, fibrous connective tissue that surround the necks of the teeth. they are highly vascular and are covered with stratified (keratinized) squamous epithelium
what are the two parts of the gingiva?
the free gingiva, which surrounds the necks of the teeth
the attached gingiva, which is attached to the alveolar arches of the upper and lower jaws
what is the nerve supply of the gums?
the upper gums are supplied by the branches of the maxillary nerve and the lower gums are supplied by the branches of the mandibular nerves
how are the teeth divided based on when they make their appearance at different periods of life?
they are divided as follows:
deciduous (primary) teeth
permanent teeth
characteristics of deciduous teeth
temporary
twenty in number and are as follows: 4 incisors, 2 canines, 4 molars
they erupt in the first two years of life
characteristics of permanent teeth
begin to erupt and replace deciduous teeth at six years of age
32 in number: 4 incisors, 2 canines, 4 premolars, 6 molars
what are the 3rd molars called?
wisdom teeth, or dens serotinous. they may fail to develop or erupt, known as impacted wisdom teeth