Cell Division

A set of vocabulary flashcards based on the lecture notes on Cell Division by Mr. Otwani Daniel, covering mitosis, meiosis, and the stages of the cell cycle.

Cell division

A process by which a cell multiply involving both nuclear and cytoplasm.

Apoptosis

A process known as programmed 'self destruct' where ageing cells are destroyed and their components are removed by phagocytosis at the end of their natural lifespan.

Phagocytosis

The process by which the components of ageing cells that have undergone apoptosis are removed.

Meiosis

A type of cell division in which a cell divides to produce four daughter cells, used in the formation of gametes.

Gametes

Reproductive cells produced by meiosis, such as ova and spermatozoa.

Mitosis

A process where a single cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells, which typically have $46$ chromosomes.

Interphase

The longer phase of the cell cycle recognized in three stages where the cell grows, chromosomes replicate forming two identical DNA copies, and preparations for division are made.

Spindle

A structure formed of microtubules that separates the centrioles and provides an attachment point for chromatids.

Microtubules

The components that form the mitotic spindle and contract to facilitate the migration of sister chromatids to each pole.

Centrioles

Structures that separate and migrate to each end of the cell during division, connected by a spindle.

Centromeres

The points of attachment that hold chromatids to the center of the spindle.

Chromatids

Identical copies of DNA that become visible in the nucleus and align at the centre of the spindle before separating.

Cytokinesis

The stage of cell division where the cytoplasm and plasma membrane divide in half to form two separate daughter cells.