Reformation people/terms

Indulgences

a pardon for sins that was bought.

Martin Luther

A German monk/professor that wanted to reform the Catholic church (not break it up),started the protestant reformation.

95 Theses

arguments against indulgences and the power of the pope that quickly spread throughout Europe.

Lutheranism

Martin Luther’s religion followed by Lutherans.

Charles V

The Holy Roman Emperor and the king of Spain (had more power than the pope).

The Edict of Worms

issued by Charles V, declared Luther an outlaw and a heretic, and that no one should harbor him.

Peace of Augsburg

An agreement that stated the German princes could choose the religion in their territories. Northern= Lutheran, Southern= Catholic, this, however did NOT end the bloodshed over the split of the church.

Henry VIII

The king of England and the ruler of the Anglican Church (The church of England.

Bloody Mary

The daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon, known as Bloody Mary for her brutal killings of protestants.

Act of Supremacy

Passed by Parialment, made Henry VII the ruler of the Church of England (Anglician Church).

Elizabeth I

Daugther of Henry VII and Anne Boleyn, restored peace to England after years of religious turnmoil.

Huldrych Zwingli

brought new reform ideas to where he lived, (Switzerland).

John Calvin

inspired by Zwingli, the young law student from France, created new ideas about Protestantism.

Institutes of the Christian Religion

A book written by John Calvin about his religious beliefs.

Predestination

The idea that God has already known who he is going to save since the beginning.

Calvinism

the religion that followers of Calvin believed in.

Theocracy

A government where religious leaders rule in the name of God.

John Knox

He took Calvin’s ideas and put them to work. Created town elders in different community churches.

Presbyterians

followers of Knox.

Huguenots

French followers of Calvin.

Anabaptists

Baptized people who were old enough to decide if they wanted to be Christian. Thought church and state should be separate and didn’t believe in fighting in wars. They were persecuted by both Catholics and Protestants, but survived persecution.

Catholic Reformation

The reformation within the Catholic church, main goal was to stop the spread of and convert people back to to Catholicism.

Council of Trent (1545)

Council that renewed the traditional Catholic beliefs/ views: Only priests can interpret the bible, the bible is a major, but not the only source of religious truth, false indulgences were banned., slavation can be ahieved through faith and good works.

The Inquisition

A court that used violence as a way to get people to emit they were Protestant and convert them back to Catholic, traveled to different kingdoms and villages.

Paul III

Started the Catholic Reformation, he directed a council of cardinals to investigate indulgence selling and other abuses in the Church, he approved the Jesuit order, used the Inquisition to seek out heresy in papal territory, and he called the Council of Trent.

Paul IV

continued the Catholic Reformation by creating the index of Forbidden books.

Index of Forbidden Books

Books that were forbidden by the Catholic church.

Ignatius Loyola

wrote a book, Spirit Exercise, that laid out a day-to-day plan of meditation, prayer, and study.

The Jesuits

A religious order that the pope created for followers Ignatius of Loyola, the Jesuits made schools + universities that practiced theology and classical learning, and sent missionaries to convert christians into catholics, also wanted to stop the spread of protestantism.

Witch hunts

Witches were often used as scapegoats during religious wars, so they were hunted and executed.