The Rise of Nazis

Flashcards about the rise of the Nazi Party

German WWI Deaths (Soldiers)

2 million

German WWI Wounded (Soldiers)

4 million

German WWI Civilian Deaths (Starvation)

763,000

German WWI Deaths (Flu)

150,000

Drop in German Industry by 1918

Two-thirds of 1913 levels

Germany's Debt by 1918

150 billion marks

Cause of German Inflation (WWI)

Printing too much money

Worker's Wage Drop (WWI)

60% of 1913 levels

WWI Profiteers

Armament business owners

Date Germany Admitted WWI Defeat

29 September 1918

Hindenburg and Ludendorff's Recommendation

A democratic government

Chancellor on 3 October 1918

Prince Max of Baden

The Kiel Mutiny

Navy refused orders on 28 October 1918

9 November 1918 Event

Kaiser abdicated

Declared the New German Republic

Philipp Scheidemann

Leader of the Republic

Friedrich Ebert

Ebert's Temporary Government Name

Council of People’s Representatives

Armistice Signed

11 November 1918

Ebert's Allies Name

November Criminals

Why German Government Moved to Weimar

To avoid unrest in Berlin

Weimar Republic Head

The President

Presidential Election Frequency

Every 7 years

Article 48 Power

Power to rule by decree (bypass government)

Cabinet Leader (Weimar)

The Chancellor

Weimar Parliament Parts

Reichstag and Reichsrat

Proportional Representation Meaning

Parties got seats equal to their vote share

More Powerful Parliament Part

Reichstag

Reichsrat Representation

The regions of Germany

Weimar Election Voters

All men and women over 20

Weimar Constitution Writer

Hugo Preuss

Weimar Constitution Strength

It was a genuine democracy

Weimar Constitution Weakness

Article 48 let the President bypass democracy

Proportional Representation Problem

It led to weak coalition governments

Treaty Humiliating Germany (1919)

Treaty of Versailles

Article 231 Stated

Germany took blame for the war

Reparations Amount

£6.6 billion

German Land/Population Loss

10% of land, 12.5% of population

Military Limits Imposed

100,000 soldiers, 15,000 sailors, 6 ships, no subs or tanks

Demilitarised Area

The Rhineland

Banned Union

Germany and Austria

Armistice Signer Name

November Criminals

Political Murders (1919-1923)

376

Spartacist Uprising Leaders

Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht

Spartacist Uprising Date

January 1919

Spartacists' Crusher

The Freikorps

Kapp Putsch Date

March 1920

Kapp Putsch Leader

Wolfgang Kapp

Kapp Putsch Failure Reason

A general strike stopped it

Second Right-Wing Challenge

The Munich Putsch

Munich Putsch Date

November 1923

Munich Putsch Leaders

Hitler and Ludendorff

Munich Putsch Event

Nazis tried to take control in Munich, failed

Hitler's Sentence After Putsch

1 year of fortress arrest

Hitler's Prison Activity

Wrote Mein Kampf

Mein Kampf Ideas

Destroy democracy, expand territory (Lebensraum), anti-Semitism

Hitler's Munich Putsch Lesson

He needed to gain power legally

Germany Stopped Paying Reparations

1922

France/Belgium Response

They occupied the Ruhr in 1923

Ruhr Occupation Reason

To take goods (like coal) as payment

The Ruhr

Germany’s main industrial region

Germany's Response to Ruhr Occupation

Ebert called for passive resistance (a general strike)

Passive Resistance Effects

132 Germans were killed; 150,000 were expelled from their homes

Printing More Money Reason

To pay striking workers and to cover economic shortfalls

Printing More Money Cause

Hyperinflation

Hyperinflation Cause

Too much money printed without gold backing

Bread Cost in 1918

0.6 marks

Bread Cost in November 1923

201 billion marks

People's Savings During Hyperinflation

They became worthless

Suffered Most From Hyperinflation

The middle class, elderly, and people with fixed incomes

Hyperinflation Beneficiaries

People in debt and some farmers

Alternative to Money

Bartering (trading with items)

Gustav Stresemann

Chancellor in 1923, Foreign Minister 1923–29

Stresemann Ended Hyperinflation

Ended passive resistance and introduced the Rentenmark

Rentenmark Backing

German gold reserves

Rentenmark Replacement

The Reichsmark

Dawes Plan (1924)

U.S. loans of 800 million marks to Germany + reduced annual reparations

Young Plan (1929)

Cut total reparations from £6.6bn to £2bn, to be paid until 1988

Young Plan Ender

The Wall Street Crash (1929)

German Industry by 1928

It exceeded 1913 levels

German Export Rise (1925-29)

40%

Introduced Schemes (1927)

Unemployment, health, and pension schemes

Stresemann's Recovery Weakness

It depended on U.S. loans

Germany Signed Pact (1925)

The Locarno Pact (accepting Western borders)

Germany Joined League of Nations

1926

Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)

62 countries renounced war to solve disputes

Extremist Parties Under Stresemann

No – they still existed, though weaker

German Resentment

The Treaty of Versailles and League of Nations

Hitler Joined DAP

September 1919

DAP Name Change (1920)

National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP), or Nazi Party

DAP Name Change Reason

To appeal to as many groups as possible

Hitler Nazi Party Leader

July 1921

Hitler's Strong Leadership

He was charismatic and a powerful public speaker

Hitler's Key Supporters

Ernst Röhm, Joseph Goebbels, Heinrich Himmler, Hermann Goering, Rudolf Hess, Dr Robert Ley, and Albert Speer

German Worker's Party Founder

Anton Drexler, in 1919

Outlined Nazi Ideads

The 25-point programme (written in 1920 by Hitler and Drexler)

25-Point Program Aims (3)

1. Overturn the Treaty of Versailles. 2. End democracy. 3. Remove Jews from society and the economy

25-Point Program: Nationalist

Reversing Versailles, Lebensraum, Rebuild Army, Only Aryans Citizens

25-Point Program: Socialist

Nationalising, Jobs for Men, Equal Rights, Help for Mothers/Children

The SA

A Nazi paramilitary group of ex-soldiers (Storm Detachment / Brownshirts)

The SA Actions

Violence/Intimidation against political opponents, especially Communists