Comprehensive Guide to Entamoeba Species and Amoebic Infections

E. histolytica scientific name?

Entamoeba histolytica

Entamoeba histolytica common names?

amebic dysentery, amebic hepatitis (liver involvement);

Entamoeba histolytica disease name?

amebiasis.

Transmission of Entamoeba histolytica?

Humans ingest infective cysts; transmitted by feces, fingers, food, fomites, & flies.

Trophozoite Morphology of Entamoeba histolytica?

Troph (feeding stage): (10-20um): 1 nuclei, small central karyosome with even chromatin, RBCs cytoplasmic inclusion, typically teardrop shaped.

Cyst Morphology of Entamoeba histolytica?

Cyst: (10-20um): 1, 2 or 4 nuclei, small central karyosome with chromatin, cigar shaped chromatoid body.

Infective Stage of Entamoeba histolytica?

Infective cyst in feces, food, fomites & flies.

Diagnostic Stage of Entamoeba histolytica?

Resistant, infective cyst passed in feces (trophozoites may be found more commonly in soft or liquid feces).

Body Specimen for Entamoeba histolytica?

3 fresh stool samples.

Location of Entamoeba histolytica in the body?

Trophs in the large intestine.

Life Cycle of Entamoeba histolytica

1. Cysts ingested with food or water that is contaminated with fecal material. 2. Cysts excyst in the small intestine and result in trophs colonizing the large intestine. 3. Reproduce by simple division and invade the lining of the large intestine. 4. Extra intestinal amebiasis. 5. Trophs may invade the blood vessel of the large intestine and be transported to other organs in the body (brain, liver, lungs).

Pathology & Symptoms of Entamoeba histolytica?

Asymptomatic; vague abdominal discomfort, malaise, diarrhea alternating with constipation, bloody dysentery and fever, fecal leukocytes; enlarged liver, fever, chills, leukocytosis in amebic hepatitis.

Distribution of Entamoeba histolytica?

Worldwide.

Entamoeba dispar

Scientific Name: Entamoeba dispar (commensal, nonpathogenic species); Common Name: Amebiasis; Disease Name: Amebiasis.

Transmission of Entamoeba dispar?

Ingested infective cyst in feces, food, fomites & flies.

Trophozoite Morphology of Entamoeba dispar?

Troph (feeding stage): Single nuclei, No Red Blood Cells.

Cyst Morphology of Entamoeba dispar?

Cyst: Chromatoid body, small central karyosomes with chromatin, 1, 2, or 4 nuclei.

Infective Stage of Entamoeba dispar?

Cyst in feces food.

Diagnostic Stage of Entamoeba dispar?

Cysts or trophs in soft or fluid feces.

Body Specimen for Entamoeba dispar?

Feces (3 fresh stool samples).

Location of Entamoeba dispar in the body?

Trophs in the large intestine.

Life Cycle of Entamoeba dispar

Cysts ingested with food or water that is contaminated with fecal material; Cysts excyst in the small intestine and result in trophs colonizing the large intestine; Reproduce by simple division and invade the lining of the large intestine; Extra intestinal amebiasis; Trophs may invade the blood vessel of the large intestine and be transported to other organs in the body (brain, liver, lungs).

Pathology & Symptoms of Entamoeba dispar?

Asymptomatic; vague abdominal discomfort, malaise, diarrhea alternating with constipation, bloody dysentery and fever, fecal leukocytes; enlarged liver, fever, chills, leukocytosis in amebic hepatitis.

Distribution of Entamoeba dispar?

Worldwide.

Entamoeba hartmanni

Scientific Name: Entamoeba hartmanni (commensal); Common Name: "small race" of E.histolytica; Disease Name: Amebiasis.

Transmission of Entamoeba hartmanni?

Ingestion of infective cyst (fecal oral).

Cyst Morphology of Entamoeba hartmanni?

Cyst: 1, 2, or 4 nuclei, small central karyosome with even chromatin, chromatoid body in cytoplasmic inclusions, 10um.

Trophozoite Morphology of Entamoeba hartmanni?

Troph: single nuclei.

Infective Stage of Entamoeba hartmanni?

Infected cyst.

Diagnostic Stage of Entamoeba hartmanni?

Cyst/troph in the feces.

Body Specimen for Entamoeba hartmanni

Feces.

Location of Entamoeba hartmanni

Large/small intestine.

Cysts morphology of Entamoeba hartmanni

Excyst in the small intestine and result in trophs colonizing the large intestine.

Trophs morphology Entamoeba hartmanni

Reproduce by simple division and invade the lining of the large intestine.

Entamoeba hartmanni may Extra intestinal amobiasis

Trophs may invade the blood vessel of the large intestine and be transported to other organs in the body (brain, liver, lungs).

Pathology & Symptoms of Entamoeba hartmanni

Asymptomatic, vague abdominal discomfort, malaise, diarrhea alternating with constipation, bloody dysentery and fever, fecal leukocytes, enlarged liver, fever, chills, leukocytosis in amebic hepatitis.

Distribution of Entamoeba hartmanni

Worldwide.

Entamoeba coli names

Scientific Name: Entamoeba coli; Disease Name: Amebiasis; Transmission: fecal oral.

Cyst Morphology (Entamoeba coli)

1-8 nuclei, eccentric karysome with irregular chromatin, splitter, pointed and rough edged shaped chromatin body in cytoplasmic inclusions.

Troph Morphology (Entamoeba coli)

1 nucleus, ingested bacteria in cytoplasmic inclusions, exhibit granular cytoplasm.

Infective Stage (Entamoeba coli)

Infective cyst in feces, food, fomites & flies.

Diagnostic Stage (Entamoeba coli)

Cyst & troph found in feces.

Body Specimen (Entamoeba coli)

Feces.

Location (Entamoeba coli)

Small/large intestine.

Life Cycle (Entamoeba coli)

1. Cysts ingested with food or water that is contaminated with fecal material; 2. Cysts excyst in the small intestine and result in trophs colonizing the large intestine; 3. Reproduce by simple division and invade the lining of the large intestine; 4. Extra intestinal amobiasis.

Entamoeba polecki names

Scientific Name: Entamoeba polecki (commensal); Disease Name: Amebiasis; Transmission: fecal oral.

Cyst Morphology (Entamoeba polecki)

1 nucleus, large glycogen 'inclusion mass', abundant and pointed chromatid bodies.

Infective Stage (Entamoeba polecki)

Infective cyst in feces, food, fomites & flies.

Diagnostic Stage (Entamoeba polecki)

Cyst & troph found in feces.

Body Specimen (Entamoeba polecki)

Feces.

Location (Entamoeba polecki)

Small/large intestine.

Life Cycle (Entamoeba polecki)

1. Cysts ingested with food or water that is contaminated with fecal material; 2. Cysts excyst in the small intestine and result in trophs colonizing the large intestine; 3. Reproduce by simple division and invade the lining of the large intestine; 4. Extra intestinal amobiasis.

Entamoeba gingivalis names

Common Name: Oral or Gum Amoeba; Disease Name: Gingivitis, Peridontitis; Transmission: Through close oral contact, contaminated food or drink.

Entamoeba gingivalis Morphology

Troph: leukocytes in cytoplasm, large food vacuoles; No Cyst stage.

Entamoeba gingivalis Infective Stage

Troph stage.

Entamoeba gingivalis Diagnostic Stage

Trophozoites in vegetative form on the gums or teeth.

Entamoeba gingivalis Pathology & Symptoms

Gum inflammation, bad breath, gum recession, loose teeth, gum abscesses.

Blastocystis hominis names

Common Name: Blastocystis spp.; Disease Name: Blastocystis; Transmission: fecal to oral through contaminated food or water.

Blastocystis hominis Morphology

Cyst: 2-4 nuclei, large central vacuole takes up 90% of the organism; Nuclei are in the cytoplasm outside of the vacuole.

Blastocystis hominis Infective Stage

Cyst in feces.

Blastocystis hominis Diagnostic Stage

Cyst in feces.

Blastocystis hominis Pathology & Symptoms

Abdominal pain.

Endolimax nana names

Common Name: dwarf amoeba; Disease Name: Nonpathogenic; Transmission: fecal to oral through contaminated food or water.

Endolimax nana Morphology

Troph: 1 nucleus, smallest amoeba of man, irregular karyosome, 6-12 um; Cyst: 1-4 nuclei, mature cyst contains 4 nuclei.

Endolimax nana Infective Stage

Mature cyst.

Endolimax nana Diagnostic Stage

Cyst in feces.

Endolimax nana Pathology & Symptoms

Diarrhea (intermittent or chronic), abdominal pain or cramping, bloating, nausea, and flatulence.

Iodamoeba butschlii names

Common Name: Iodamoeba butschlii; Disease Name: Nonpathogenic; Transmission: fecal to oral through contaminated food or water.

Iodamoeba butschlii Morphology

Troph: 1 nucleus, large irregular karyosome; Cyst: 1 nucleus, large irregular karyosome with no peripheral chromatin.

Iodamoeba butschlii Infective Stage

Mature cyst.

Iodamoeba butschlii Diagnostic Stage

Cyst or troph in feces.

Iodamoeba butschlii Pathology & Symptoms

Diarrhea, abdominal pain or cramping, bloating, and nausea.

Acanthamoeba spp. names

Common Name: Free-living amoeba; Disease Name: 6 species cause granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE).

Acanthamoeba spp. Transmission

Swimming with contact lens in contaminated water; troph enters respiratory tract, broken skin or mucous membrane, directly invades the eyes.

Naegleria fowleri names

Common Name: Brain eating amoeba; Disease Name: primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM): die in 3-6 days.

Naegleria fowleri Transmission

Troph in nasal cavity from infected water while swimming.

Naegleria fowleri Pathology & Symptoms

Headache, fever, nausea, vomiting, stiff neck, confusion, loss of balance.

Acanthmoeba spp disease?

Free-living amoeba that causes granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE), a chronic form of meningoencephalitis.

Transmission of Acanthmoeba spp

Occurs through swimming with contact lenses in contaminated water; trophozoites enter the respiratory tract, broken skin, or mucous membranes, and can directly invade the eyes.

Morphology of Acanthmoeba spp Trophozoite

1 nucleus, 10-45 um, distinct nucleus with smooth staining cytoplasm; when viewed in tissue, no chromatin.

Morphology of Acanthmoeba spp Cyst

1 nucleus, double-walled with a wrinkled appearance in tissue, resistant to chlorination and drying, 15-20 um.

Infective Stage of Acanthmoeba spp

Cyst in eye or skin.

Diagnostic Stage of Acanthmoeba spp

Cyst or trophozoite in brain or skin biopsy or corneal scraping; rare in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Body Specimen for Acanthmoeba spp

Brain, skin biopsy, or corneal scrape.

Location of Acanthmoeba spp

Found in skin and eyes.

Pathology & Symptoms of Acanthmoeba spp

Slow onset symptoms including pain and discomfort in eyes, swelling, loss of vision, discharge from eyes, fever, meningitis, headache, confusion, and seizures.

Distribution of Acanthmoeba spp

Worldwide, found in fresh or salt water, moist soil, and decaying vegetation.

Naegleria fowleri

Brain eating amoeba that causes primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), with a mortality rate leading to death in 3-6 days.

Transmission of Naegleria fowleri

Trophozoites enter the nasal cavity from infected water while swimming.

Morphology of Naegleria fowleri Trophozoite

1 nucleus, large central karyosome, contains white blood cells in cytoplasmic inclusions.

Cyst of Naegleria fowleri

No cyst stage in humans.

Infective Stage of Naegleria fowleri

Trophozoites enter the spinal fluid and brain.

Diagnostic Stage of Naegleria fowleri

Active trophozoites found in spinal fluid and brain at autopsy.

Body Specimen for Naegleria fowleri

Brain and spinal fluid.

Location of Naegleria fowleri

Found in spinal fluid and brain.

Pathology & Symptoms of Naegleria fowleri

Symptoms include headache, fever, nausea, vomiting, stiff neck, confusion, and loss of balance.

Distribution of Naegleria fowleri

Worldwide.

Resistance of Naegleria fowleri

Resists chlorination and drying.

Opportunistic amebic pathogens

Acanthmoeba spp and Naegleria fowleri are examples of opportunistic amebic pathogens.