Solutions and Concentration

Flashcards covering the definitions, characteristics, and calculations related to solutions and concentration terms.

What is a solution?

A homogeneous mixture of two or more unreacting chemical substances with variable composition within certain limits.

What are the characteristics of a solution?

Uniform composition and properties throughout the mixture, and absence of settling of particles.

What is a binary solution?

A solution composed of two components.

What is the solute?

The component present in lesser amount in a solution.

What is the solvent?

The component which has the same state as the solution or is present in a large amount

What is an aqueous solution?

Solution where the solvent is water.

What is a non-aqueous solution?

Solution where the solvent is not water

What are the three steps involved in the formation of a solution?

Separation of solvent molecules, Separation of solute molecules, and Mixing of solvent and solute molecules.

What are solid solutions?

Solutions that are mixtures of solids, categorized into substitutional and interstitial solutions.

What are substitutional solutions?

Solutions formed by the replacement of some solvent particles in a crystal lattice by similar particles of the solute.

What are interstitial solutions?

Solutions formed when solute particles occupy void or interstitial sites in the crystal lattice of the solvent.

What is the concentration of a solution?

The amount of solute dissolved in a known amount of solvent or solution.

What is molarity?

The number of moles of solute present in 1 liter of solution (mol/L).

What is molality?

The number of moles of solute dissolved in 1000 gm (1 kg) of the solvent (mol/kg).

Which is more preferred for determining concentration, molarity or molality, and why?

Molality, because it involves mass, which does not change with temperature.

What is the relationship between molarity and molality?

M = (m * d) / (1 + m * MB / 1000), where M = Molarity, m = molality, d = density, and MB = Molecular mass of solute.

What is formality?

The number of gram formula masses of solute present per liter of solution, used for ionic compounds.

What is Normality?

The number of gram equivalents of solute present per liter of solution.

Equivalent mass equation

Molar mass of solute / n factor