Chapter 4: Eukaryotic Cell Structures

Flashcards covering key terms and concepts related to eukaryotic cell structures and their functions.

Ribosome

A cell structure responsible for protein synthesis.

Centrosome

A structure consisting of protein fibers and centrioles, involved in mitotic spindle formation.

Centriole

A cylindrical structure that plays a role in cell division by forming the mitotic spindle.

Flagella

Projections from the cell membrane, made of microtubules, that function in motility.

Microtubules

Hollow tubes composed of tubulin proteins, providing structural support and facilitating cellular movement.

Cilia

Short, hair-like structures on the cell surface that aid in movement and fluid transport.

Cell Wall

A protective layer around certain cells, with composition varying among algae, fungi, and yeast.

Glycocalyx

A carbohydrate-rich area surrounding some eukaryotic cells, involved in cell attachment and communication.

Eukaryotic Plasma Membrane

A phospholipid bilayer that contains proteins, carbohydrates, and sterols, but lacks peptidoglycan.

Active Transport

The movement of substances across a cell membrane against their concentration gradient, requiring energy.

Cytoplasm

The content within the plasma membrane excluding the nucleus, consisting of cytosol and organelles.

Nucleus

Membrane-bound organelle containing DNA and chromosomes, surrounded by the nuclear envelope.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

A transport network within the cell, connecting to the nuclear envelope.

Lysosome

A membrane-bound organelle containing digestive enzymes for breaking down materials.

Mitochondrion

An organelle responsible for cellular respiration and energy production.

Chloroplast

An organelle involved in photosynthesis, found in certain plant and algal cells.

Peroxisome

An organelle that oxidizes fatty acids and destroys hydrogen peroxide.