Motor Learning and Control

What does motor learning and control govern?

movement and control

What does motor learning and control provide a foundation for?

a foundation for developing effective instructional strategies that help learning and performance

What is process assessment?

specific aspects of skills execution

What is product assessments?

it is the outcome of performance

What is motor learning?

study of processes involved in acquiring and refining motor skills

What is motor control?

neural, physical, and behavioral aspects that underline human movement

What is learning?

a permanent change in a person’s capability to execute a motor skill as a result of practice or performance

What is performance?

act of executing a skill

What is a motor skill?

an act or task

What are the four criteria to determine a motor skill?

Goal oriented, body/limb movements, voluntary movement, involves practicer (learned or relearned)

What is a gross motor skill?

Larger musculature used; multi-limb movement; ex. running, hopping, and skipping

What is a fine motor skill?

uses small musculature ex. sewing a button, entering contact info in phone

What is a continuous skill?

The beginning and end points are arbitrary or determined by an environmental factor; repetitive in nature

What is a serial skill?

number of discrete skills combined for an integrated sequence

What is a discrete skill?

beginning and end point are clearly defined

What are open skills?

skills performed in unpredictable, ever changing environment

What are closed skills?

skills performed in stable and predictable environment

What are open skills objectives?

the learners ability to select the appropriate response

What are closed skills objectives?

Consistency closed skills with inter-trial variability; learners must be able to adapt the technique according to the situation

What are the two factors of Gentile’s multidimensional classification system?

regulatory conditions and action requirements

What are regulatory conditions?

Environmental factors specify the movement characteristics to perform the skill.

closed skills=closed

open skills=motion

inter-trial variability=performance changes each time

What are action requirements?

The performer must change locations and manipulate an object

Why are individual differences significant?

because they are relatively stable and enduring characteristics that make us unique; we need to adapt teaching methods to each client

What are motor abilities?

inborn, stable traits that underline performance in different motor skills

Some people are more naturally gifted in certain abilities than others, making skill learning easier

What is Fleishman’s Taxonomy of Motor Abilities?

perceptual-motor abilities and physical proficiency abilities

What are preceptual-motor abilities?

primarily cognitive and motor integration ex. reaction time

What are physical proficiency abilities?

primarily physical traits ex. stamina, strength, flexibility, balance, and coordination

What are abilities?

innate, stable, untrainable

What are skills?

developed through practice, depend on abilities

What does talent identification use and do?

uses motor ability tests to predict success in specific activities

Why can prediction be difficult?

because abilities interact differently across sports/skills and practice and motivation strongly influence learning

What does talent identification look at?

At whether individuals have the necessary motor abilities to succeed

What are the challenges of talent identification?

environment, training quality, motivation, and opportunity also matter