Chemical Identification Tests Lecture Notes

A set of vocabulary flashcards detailing chemical tests, reagents, and indicators for identifying various functional groups and compounds.

Bromine Test

A test for Alkenes using Bromine in $CCl_4$; a positive result is the disappearance of orange color.

Baeyer's Test

A test for unsaturated compounds using Potassium permanganate; a positive result is the disappearance of violet and the formation of a brown ppt.

Xanthoproteic Test

A test for Aromatics using Nitric acid; a positive result is the appearance of a yellow color.

Beilstein Test

A test for halogenated compounds using a copper wire with a sample in a flame; a positive result is a green flame.

Lucas Test

A test for Alcohols using Zinc chloride in $HCl$ ("Lucas Reagent"); positive results include cloudiness (tertiary > secondary in speed) and no reaction for primary alcohols.

Ferric Chloride Test

A test for Phenols using $FeCl_3$; a positive result is a blue or purple color.

Jones Oxidation

A test for Aldehydes, alcohols, and other reducing compounds using Chromic acid in sulfuric acid ("Jones Reagent"); a positive result is a green color.

Tollens' Test

A test for Aldehydes, alcohols, and other reducing compounds using Ammoniacal silver nitrate; a positive result is the formation of a silver mirror.

Fehling's Test

A test for Aldehydes, alcohols, and other reducing compounds using Fehling's A (cupric sulfate) and Fehling's B (Na K tartrate); a positive result is a brick red precipitate.

Brady's Test

A test for Aldehydes and ketones using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine ("Brady's reagent"); a positive result is a red precipitate.

Iodoform Test

A test for methyl ketones only using an alkaline iodine solution; a positive result is a pale yellow precipitate.

Hinsberg Test

A test for Amines using Benzenesulfonyl chloride; results include a soluble product (primary), an insoluble product (secondary), or no reaction (tertiary).