Medical Biochemistry: The Respiratory Chain & Oxidative Phosphorylation

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the respiratory chain and oxidative phosphorylation as described in the Medical Biochemistry lecture by Dr. Malabika Maulik.

What is the primary role of the mitochondria in cells?

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell, generating ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.

What are the main components of the respiratory chain?

The main components include Complex I (NADH-Q oxidoreductase), Complex II (succinate-Q reductase), Complex III (Q-cytochrome c oxidoreductase), and Complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase).

Which complex of the electron transport chain is responsible for the transfer of electrons from NADH?

Complex I (NADH-Q oxidoreductase) is responsible for transferring electrons from NADH.

What is oxidative phosphorylation?

Oxidative phosphorylation is the process by which ATP is generated through the transfer of electrons along the respiratory chain.

What inhibits Complex IV of the respiratory chain?

Carbon monoxide inhibits Complex IV.

What is the role of ATP synthase in ATP synthesis?

ATP synthase utilizes the proton gradient created by the respiratory chain to synthesize ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.

What occurs during the breakdown of creatinine phosphate in the creatinine phosphate shuttle?

Creatinine phosphate is broken down for ATP generation, playing a vital role in muscle contraction.

Name one effect of uncouplers on oxidative phosphorylation.

Uncouplers increase the permeability of the membrane to protons, allowing H+ flow without passing through ATP synthase, thereby uncoupling oxidation and phosphorylation.

What is the significance of the proton gradient in ATP production?

The proton gradient drives protons back into the mitochondrial matrix through ATP synthase, leading to ATP synthesis.

What are the effects of inhibitors on the respiratory chain?

Inhibitors can block electron transport, impacting ATP production and potentially leading to cellular dysfunction.