APK ENHANCEMENT I

External rotators of the shoulder:

A. Infraspinatus, teres minor, posterior deltoid

B. Subscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi

C. Pectoralis major, anterior deltoid, subscapularis

D. Trapezius, rhomboid, levator scapulae

A. Infraspinatus, teres minor, posterior deltoid

Muscle that is not attached to the humerus

A. Supraspinatus

B. Pectoralis major

C. Pectoralis minor

D. Teres major

C. Pectoralis minor

The principal muscle involved in light hand closure is the:

A. Lumbrical

B. Flexor digitorum profundus

C. Interossei

D. Flexor digitorum superficialis

B. Flexor digitorum profundus

This blood vessel does not originate from the aortic arch:

A. Right common artery

B. Left subclavian artery

C. Innominate artery

D. Left common carotid artery

A. Right common artery

In a third class lever:

A. None of these

B. The weight arm is longer than the force arm

C. The weight arm and force arm are equal

D. The force arm is longer than the weight arm

B. The weight arm is longer than the force arm

A muscle of facial expression:

A. Digastric

B. Temporalis

C. Masseter

D. Platysma

D. Platysma

The ball of the foot corresponds to the:

A. Sole of the foot

B. Heads of metatarsals

C. Base of metatarsal

D. Calcaneus

B. Heads of metatarsals

The anconeus is responsible for:

A. Helping maintain elbow extension

B. Stabilizing the elbow joint during other movements of the upper extremity

C. All of these

D. Initiating extension of the elbow

C. All of these

Muscle innervated by the radial nerve:

A. Flexor carpi radialis

B. Flexor pollicis longus

C. Flexor digitorum superficialis

D. Abductor pollicis longus

D. Abductor pollicis longus

Overlapping of receptive field improves this phenomenon of sensation:

A. Localization

B. Contrast

C. Specific nerve energies

D. Projection

A. Localization

The concoid and trapezoid are ligaments that connect the

A. Clavicle and sternum

B. Acromion and clavicle

C. Coracoids and humerus

D. Coracoids and clavicle

D. Coracoids and clavicle

In the process of rising up from the sitting position, the following muscles are active, EXCEPT:

A. Iliopsoas

B. Gastrocsoleus

C. Gluteus maximus

D. Quadriceps femoris

A. Iliopsoas

The trapezius and serratus anterior:

A. Act synergistically in abduction

B. Act as synergists in upward rotation and antagonists in retraction and protraction

C. Act as synergists in retraction and antagonists in upward and downward rotation

D. Act as synergists in upward rotation and antagonists in depression

B. Act as synergists in upward rotation and antagonists in retraction and protraction

In what movement of the scapula are the upper and lower trapezius muscles synergists:

A. Scapular retraction

B. Upward rotation

C. Scapular protaction

D. Scapular elevation

B. Upward rotation

In a midclavicular fracture, the structure that protects the underlying vessels from being injured is the:

A. Pectoralis minor

B. Subclavius

C. Platysma

D. Suvclavian fat pad

B. Subclavius

The highest content of elastic fiber is found in the ligament:

A. Posterior longitudinal ligament

B. Ligamentum flavum

C. Anterior longitudinal ligament

D. Interspinous ligament

B. Ligamentum flavum

NOT an extrinsic muscle of the hand:

A. Extensor pollicis longus

B. Extensor digitorum

C. Extensor carpi radialis

D. Flexor digitorum superficialis

C. Extensor carpi radialis

This does not describe the 7th rib:

A. Typical rib

B. Has two demifacets on its head

C. Longest rib

D. Most oblique rib

D. Most oblique rib

Stimulation of the vagus nerve may be expected to result in:

A. Decreased blood pressure and increased cardiac contracility

B. Vasodilatation and bradycardia

C. Vasodilatation and tachycardia

D. Vasoconstruction and increased heart rate

B. Vasodilatation and bradycardia

Bradycardia is heart beats less than:

A. 60 per minute

B. 80 per minute

C. 65 per minute

D. 72 per minute

A. 60 per minute

The interaction between actin and myosin filaments during muscle contraction is brought to a stop because of:

A. Ionization of the cell

B. Depolarization of the cell membrane

C. Sodium pump reversal

D. Decrease concentration of intracellular calcium ions

D. Decrease concentration of intracellular calcium ions

A shunt muscle:

A. Is exemplified by the biceps and brachialis

B. Generate very little force

C. Will usually have a long fever arm like the brachioradialis

D. Is chiefly rotatory in its effect on moving bone

C. Will usually have a long fever arm like the brachioradialis

A house painter who often works with raised arms as the hands work at a height should primarily be given strengthening exercises for the:

A. Middle deltoid

B. Serratus anterior

C. Coracobrachialis

D. Supraspinatus

B. Serratus anterior

Efferent fibers of the muscle spindle come from the:

A. All of these

B. Gamma motor neuron

C. Alpha motor neuron

D. Extrafusal muscle

B. Gamma motor neuron

The inability to make a complete fist with palmarflexion of the wrist is due to:

A. Inadequate length of the FDP and FDS

B. Marked approximation of the proximal and distal attachments of the fingers flexors

C. Passive insufficiency of the wrist extensors

D. Active insufficiency of the finger extensors

B. Marked approximation of the proximal and distal attachments of the fingers flexors

The muslce which has its distal attachment on the pisiform:

A. Flexor carpi radialis

B. Extensor carpi radialis longus

C. Flexor carpi ulnaris

D. Extensor carpi radialis brevis

C. Flexor carpi ulnaris

The glenohumeral joint is most unstable in this position:

A. Flexed, abducted, externally rotated

B. Extended, adducted, internally rotated

C. Flexed, protracted, externally rotated

D. Extended, refracted, externally rotated

A. Flexed, abducted, externally rotated

The functional position of the ulna includes the following, EXCEPT:

A. None of these

B. Slight extension of the wrist to 40 degrees

C. Radial deviation to 5 degrees

D. Ulnar deviation to 15 degrees

C. Radial deviation to 5 degrees

The attachment of the deltoid ligaments are the following, EXCEPT:

A. Tuberosity of navicular

B. Lateral malleolus

C. Medial tuberosity of talus

D. Sustentaculum tali

B. Lateral malleolus

Type of nerve fiber that has the fastest conduction:

A. Large myelinated axons

B. Small unmyelinated axon

C. Small myelinated axons

D. Large unmyelinated axon

A. Large myelinated axons

This ligament does NOT contribute to the stability of the hip joint:

A. Ischiofemoral ligament

B. Ligamentum teres

C. Pubofemoral ligament

D. Iliofemoral ligament

B. Ligamentum teres

This is a movement in the transverse plane:

A. Circumduction

B. Lateral flexion

C. Abduction

D. External rotation

D. External rotation

The most commonly injured ligament of the ankle joint in sprain is the:

A. Anterior talofibular ligament

B. Anterior tibiofibular ligament

C. Medial deltoid ligament

D. Calceneofibular ligament

A. Anterior talofibular ligament

With the forearm in the fully pronated position, flexion of the elbow is carried out mostly by the:

A. Brachioradialis

B. Brachialis

C. Pronator teres

D. Biceps brachii

B. Brachialis

The biggest volume that can be expired by a person is called:

A. Total lung capacity

B. Tidal volume

C. Vital capacity

D. Inspiratory capacity

C. Vital capacity

The lumbrical muscle:

A. All of these are true

B Is the only intrinsic muscle responsible for MCP-flexion

C. Together with the dorsal interossei, are primarily responsible for extension of the DIP joint

D. Has a better leverage as a DIP extensor compared to its leverage as an MCP flexor

D. Has a better leverage as a DIP extensor compared to its leverage as an MCP flexor

The blood supply of the posterior thigh muscles comes mainly from:

A. Popliteal artery

B. Inferior gluteal artery

C. Profunda femoris artery

D. Femoral artery

C. Profunda femoris artery

Responsible for shoulder retraction:

A. Trapezius and rhomboids

B. Trapezius and levator scapulae

C. Trapezius and latissimus dorsi

D. Trapezius and serratus anterior

A. Trapezius and rhomboids

A lesion of the subthalamic nucleus will result in:

A. Tremors

B. Hemiballismus

C. Athetosis

D. Rigidity

B. Hemiballismus

Triceps activity is enhanced by:

A. Elbow extension combined with shoulder extension

B. Elbow flexion combined with shoulder flexion

C. Elbow flexion combined with shoulder extension

D. Elbow extension combined with shoulder flexion

D. Elbow extension combined with shoulder flexion

The arcade of Frohse may compress the:

A. Ulnar nerve

B. Musculocutaneous nerve

C. Median nerve

D. Posterior interosseous nerve

D. Posterior interosseous nerve

The first line of defense against bacterial infections, among the cellular elements, are the:

A. Lympochytes

B. Neutrophils

C. Basophils

D. Eosinophils

B. Neutrophils

The movement of Ca+ ions across the membrane is mainly by:

A. Active transport

B. Facilitate diffusion

C. Passive diffusion

D. Osmosis

A. Active transport

The normal width of the walking base:

A. 5-6 inches

B. 2-4 inches

C. One to two inches

D. One foot

B. 2-4 inches

When the knee is extended, hip flexion is limited to 60-80 degrees because of passive insufficiency of the:

A. Gluteus maximus

B. Iliopsoas

C. Hamstring

D. Rectus femoris

C. Hamstring

The nerve that crosses the elbow as a pure sensory is the:

A. Radial

B. Median

C. Ulnar

D. Musculocutaneous

D. Musculocutaneous

Given a blood pressure of 130/95, the pulse pressure is:

A. 115 mm Hg

B. 95 mm Hg

C. 35 mm Hg

D. 130 mm Hg

C. 35 mm Hg

Which part of the upright lung has the greatest perfusion?

A. Base

B. Middle lobe

C. Uniform throughout

D. Apex

A. Base

The axis for subtalar abduction and adduction is:

A. Transverse

B. Longitudinal

C. Oblique

D. Vertical

D. Vertical

Muscle power is greatest at approximately ___% of the maximum load:

A. 20

B. 30

C. 10

D. 40

B. 30

The most abundant cation found inside living cells is:

A. Potassium

B. Subdural space

C. Subarachnoid space

D. Epidural space

A. Potassium

The space that is entered during a lumbar puncture to obtain cerebrospinal fluid sample is the:

A. All of these

B. Subdural space

C. Subarachnoid space

D. Epidural space

C. Subarachnoid space

A forearm muscle that belongs to the extensor group but flexes the elbow is the:

A. Anconeus

B. Brachioradialis

C. Extensor carpi ulnaris

D. Supinator

B. Brachioradialis

Pronation-supination movement of the forearm brings about gliding motion in the following, EXCEPT:

A. Ulnar-humeral articulation

B. Distal radio-ulnar joint

C. Proximal radio-ulnar joint

D. Radio-humeral articulation

A. Ulnar-humeral articulation

Norepinephrine is the neurotransmitter of the:

A. Postganglionic sweat glands

B. Majority of the postganglionic sympathetic endings

C. Preganglionic autonomic findings

D. Myoneural junction

B. Majority of the postganglionic sympathetic endings

Inspiration requires:

A. Decrease in inthrathoracic volume

B. Increase in extrathoracic volume

C. Increase in intrathoracic volume

D. No change in intrathoracic volume

C. Increase in intrathoracic volume

Stability of the ankle joint is primarily afforded by the:

A. Negative intra-articular pressure

B. Musculotendinous attachment

C. Osseous architecture

D. Ligamentous connection

D. Ligamentous connection

Proprioception is characterized by:

A. The rapid adaptation of the receptors

B. A strong affect

C. All of these

D. Stimulation of the receptors by joint motion

C. All of these

Of the following substances, which of them can cross the plasma membrane most easily:

A. O2

B. K

C. Proteins

D. Cl

A. O2

The external intercostals:

A. When present with the internal intercostals, the external intercostals will act in expiration only

B. Assist in forced expiration

C. Has fibers that are slanted downward and backward

D. Does not show any activity during normal, quite breathing

B. Assist in forced expiration

The radial head is kept in place by the:

A. Biceps insertion

B. Ulnar collateral ligament

C. Radial collateral ligament

D. Annular ligament

D. Annular ligament

Paralysis of the left gluteus medius can be compensated by:

A. Allowing the pelvis to sag laterally toward the unsupported side until the left hip is maximally adducted

B. Placing a can on the left hand

C. Laterally bending the upper trunk to the right

D. By reducing the knee and ankle motion

A. Allowing the pelvis to sag laterally toward the unsupported side until the left hip is maximally adducted

The calorie cost of walking a given distance is lowest at a walking speed of about _____ miles per hour

A. 3.0

B. 3.5

C. 1.5

D. 2.0

D. 2.0

Ligaments that limit shoulder flexion and extension at the glenohumeral joint:

A. Coracohumeral ligament

B. Boracoacromial ligament

C. Acromioclavicular ligament

D. Coracoclavicular ligament

A. Coracohumeral ligament

The most superficial muscle in the posterior trunk:

A. Semi-spinalis

B. Longissimus

C. Multifidus muscles

D. Rotation and suboccipital muscles

B. Longissimus

The average total range of motion for knee axial rotation:

A. 40 degrees

B. 60 degrees

C. 90 degrees

D. 20 degrees

A. 40 degrees

The strongest support for the longitudinal arch of the foot is the:

A. Peroneus longus

B. Tibialis anterior

C. Tibialis posterior

D. Peroneus brevis

C. Tibialis posterior

Men climbing high mountains will have enormous water losses from:

A. Decreased drinking

B. Increased ventilation

C. Increased urination

D. Increased sweating

B. Increased ventilation

Given a blood pressure of 130/96, the mean arterial pressure is around:

A. 102 mm Hg

B. 115 mm Hg

C. 107 mm Hg

D. 110 mm Hg

C. 107 mm Hg

The main function is to stabilize the scapula:

A. Levator scapulae

B. Deltoid

C. Latissimus dorsi

D. Serratus anterior

D. Serratus anterior

The center of gravity of the extended upper extremity is approximately:

A. At the elbow joint

B. Just above the elbow joint

C. At the mid-humerus

D. Just below the elbow joint

B. Just above the elbow joint

Ulnar deviation at the wrist is brought about by the action of the:

A. Extensor carpi ulnaris

B. Flexor carpi ulnaris with Palmaris longus

C. Flexor carpi ulnaris with the extensor carpi ulnaris

D. Flexor carpi ulnaris

C. Flexor carpi ulnaris with the extensor carpi ulnaris

A person's grip is weaker, if his wrist is in a flexed position because of:

A. Passive insufficiency of the finger extensors and active insufficiency of the finger flexors

B. Passive insufficiency of the finger flexors and extensors

C. Active insufficiency of the finger flexors and extensors

D. Passive insufficiency of the long finger flexors and active insufficiency of the finger extensors

A. Passive insufficiency of the finger extensors and active insufficiency of the finger flexors

The cellular property of neurons which enables them to receive and transmit information is:

A. Facilitation

B. Accommodation

C. Summating

D. Excitability

D. Excitability

A stab wound to the popliteal fossa will primarily injure which structure:

A. Posterior tibial nerve

B. Popliteus

C. Common peroneal nerve

D. Popliteal artery

A. Posterior tibial nerve

Neck side flexion is isometric movements is a test for muscles innervated by roots:

A. C3-C4

B. C1-C2

C. C5-C6

D. C4-C5

A. C3-C4

This term implies passage of an impulse across a junction:

A. Divergence

B. Transmission

C. Convergence

D. Conduction

B. Transmission

If the heart rate is 60 beats per minute and the stroke volume is 90 ml, then cardiac output is:

A. 5.4 L

B. 5.2 L

C. 6.2 L

D. 5.6 L

A. 5.4 L

With paralysis of the gastrocsoleus:

A. In children, a secondary clubfoot deformity is likely to develop

B. There will be marked difficult in running and jumping

C. An AFO should always be prescribed

D. The deep muscles of the posterior compartment can substitute as plantar flexors in the ankle

B. There will be marked difficult in running and jumping

Anterior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint is usually potentiated by weakness of this muscle:

A. Supraspinatus

B. Deltoid

C. Subscapularis

D. Teres minor

C. Subscapularis

During your dissection, in order to expose the brachial artery at the elbow, you have to cut this structure:

A. Brachioradialis

B. Biceps insertion to the radius

C. Bicipital aponeurosis

D. Pronator teres

C. Bicipital aponeurosis

Deconditioning effects of prolonged bed rest, EXCEPT:

A. Decrease in the contractile strength of body musculature

B. Decrease in the circulation blood volume

C. Decrease in the heart rate response to effort

D. Decrease in lung volume

C. Decrease in the heart rate response to effort

The epiphysis of a bone is:

A. Found below the metaphysics

B. None of these

C. Located above the diaphysis

D. Located next to the joint

C. Located above the diaphysis

The H-Zone contains:

A. Z-disc

B. Myosin

C. Actin

D. None of these

C. Actin

The soleus muscle:

A. Contains a higher proportion of slow-twitch fibers compared to the gastrocnemius

B. Shows greatest activity when the ankle is plantar flexed against resistance while in prone with the knee extended

C. Is most effective as a plantar flexor only when the knee is extended

D. Shows equal activity with the gastrocnemius during normal quiet standing

D. Shows equal activity with the gastrocnemius during normal quiet standing

Which of the following correctly describes the intrapleural pressure during a normal unforced breathing:

A. Varies from negative to positive

B. Always positive

C. Always negative

D. None of these

A. Varies from negative to positive

The teres minor as a rotator cuff muscle:

A. Is responsible for the characteristic roundness of the shoulder

B. Depresses the humeral head in the glenoid together with the supraspinatus and subscapularis

C. Internally rotate the glenohumeral joint during flexion and abduction

D. Prevent shoulder subluxation when carrying a load in the hand while standing erect

C. Internally rotate the glenohumeral joint during flexion and abduction

The connection tissue covering of a muscle fiber:

A. Epimysium

B. Sarcolemma

C. Endomysium

D. Perimysium

No answer indicated

The hip hiking muscle:

A. Quadrates lumborum

B.. Iliopsoas

C. Transverse abdominis

D. Erector spinae

No answer indicated

NOT a characteristic of the lateral epicondyle:

A. It is the common origin of the wrist extensors

B. Injury of this area would not affected the ulnar nerve

C. It is more prominent than the medial epicondyle

D. Inflammation is commonly called tennis elbow

No answer indicated

How many compartments are in the lower leg:

A. 3

B. 4

C. 2

D. 5

No answer indicated

Not found in the I-band:

A. Meromyosin

B. Actin

C. Troponin

D. Tropomyosin

No answer indicated

A hacking wound in the posterior and midpart of the arm by a halo may injure the following, EXCEPT:

A. Triceps short head

B. Musculocutaneous nerve

C. Triceps along head

D. Radial nerve

No answer indicated

Death of the cortex of the bone from occlusion of the nutrient vessels caused by intense infection is called:

A. Osteomalacia

B. Involucrum

C. Trabeculations

D. Sequestrum

No answer indicated

The tibialis anterior:

A. Is also an effective toe extensor

B. Can only invert the foot from a fully everted position up to the neutral position

No answer indicated

True of the brachialis muscle:

A. Is active as an elbow flexor mainly when used against resistance

B. Is more active as a flexor during slow muscle contraction

C. Its effectivity as an elbow flexor is unaffected by the position of the forearm

D. All of these

No answer indicated

The anterior cruciate ligament of the knee is taut during:

A. Full internal rotation at the femurotibial joint

B. Full side extension

C. 40-50 degrees of knee flexion

D. Knee adduction

No answer indicated

The following muscles act to flex the humerus, EXCEPT:

A. Biceps brachii

B. Pectoralis major

C. Subscapularis

D. Coracobrachialis

No answer indicated

The muscle which covers the 6 external hip rotators is:

A. Gluteus medius

B. Gluteus minimus

C. Tensor fascia latae

D. Gluteus maximus

No answer indicated

The following cranial nerves have spinal sensory functional components, EXCEPT:

A. The vestibulocochlear nerve

B. The olfactory nerve

C. The glossopharyngeal nerve

D. The optic nerve

No answer indicated