PROTEINS 2

COMPLEX, ORGANIC NITROGENOUS SUBSTANCES WITH VERY HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHTS, FOUND IN ALL PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS, CONSISTING LARGELY OR ENTIRELY OF ALPHA AMINO ACIDS UNITED IN PEPTIDE LINKAGE

PROTEINS

EXCITATORY NEUROTRANSMITTERS ARE?

GLUTAMATE, ASPARTATE, NITRIC OXIDE

INHIBITORY NEUROTRANSMITTERS ARE?

GLYCINE, GABA, SEROTONIN, DOPAMINE

BOTH ACTS AS AN EXCITATORY AND INHIBITORY NEUROTRANSMITTERS ARE?

ACETYLCHOLINE AND NOREPINEPHRINE

THE RELEASE OF _____ IS BLOCKED BY BOTOX

ACETYLCHOLINE

TRUE OR FALSE. OUR BOTOX IS WORKING ON THE NERVE TERMINAL JUNCTION PART

TRUE

THIS IS A NEUROTOXIN/NEUROMODULATOR AND IS MADE UP OF AMINO ACIDS. IT HAS THE ALPHA AND BETA CHAIN LINKED BY DISULFIDE BOND

BOTULINUM TOXIN

THIS WAS NOT ORIGINALLY FOR TREATING WRINKLES. IT STARTED AS A THERAPEUTIC AGENT USED BY NEUROLOGISTS AND OPHTHALMOLOGIST

BOTOX

THIS IS USED TO TREAT BLEPHAROSPASM AND HEMIFACIAL SPASM DUE TO INVOLUNTARY TWITCHING OF THE EYELID MUSCLES, WHICH IS INJECTED INTO THE MUSCLE

BOTOX

BOTULINUM NEUROTOXINS (BONTS), PRODUCED BY ANAEROBIC BACTERIA _______, ARE THE MOST POTENT NEUROTOXINS

CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM

BONTS ARE CLASSIFIED BY THE CDC AS WHAT CATEGORY?

CATEGORY A BIOTERRORISM AGENT

PROTEINS THAT ARE ONLY MADE OF AA. THEY ARE JUST PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS

SIMPLE PROTEINS

SOLUBLE IN WATER AND DILUTE AQUEOUS SALT SOLUTION; HEAT COAGULABLE

ALBUMIN

INSOLUBLE IN WATER; SOLUBLE IN AQUEOUS SALT SOLUTION; HEAT COAGULABLE

GLOBULIN

SOLUBLE IN DILUTE ACIDS AND ALKALIS; HEAT COAGULABLE

GLUTELIN

ALCOHOL-SOLUBLE PROTEIN

PROLAMINE

LEAST SOLUBLE SIMPLE PROTEIN

ALBUMINOID (SCLEROPROTEIN)

BASIC PROTEIN; SOLUBLE IN WATER, DILUTE ACID AND ALKALI; FOUND IN COMBINATION WITH DNA

HISTONE

SIMPLEST; BASIC; SOLUBLE IN WATER, DILUTE AMMONIA, ACID AND ALKALI; FOUND IN SPERMATOZOA

PROTAMINE

ADDED ANOTHER KIND OF COMPOUND THAT IS LINKED TO THE PROTEIN. MADE UP OF A PROTEIN

CONJUGATED PROTEINS

CONJUGATED PROTEIN WHERIEN THE NUCLEIC ACID IS THE PROSTHETIC GROUP

NUCLEOPROTEINS

COJUGATED PROTEINS THAT CONTAINS CARBOHYDRATES

GLYCOPROTEINS AND PROTEOGLYCANS

WHICH CONJUGATED PROTEINS CONTAINS MORE CARBOHYDRATES?

A. GLYCOPROTEINS

B. PROTEOGLYCANS

B

CONJUGATED PROTEINS WHERE THEY HAVE PHOSPHORIC ACID RESIDUES; HAVE PHOSPHATE GROUP

PHOSPHOPROTEINS

CONJUGATED PROTEINS WHERE IT CONTAINS PROSTHETIC GROUP THAT GIVES COLOR

CHROMOPROTEINS

CONJUGATED PROTEINS ASSOCIATED WITH LIPIDS

LIPOPROTEINS

CONJUGATED PROTEINS THAT CONTAINS MINERALS

METALLOPROTEINS

DERIVED PROTEINS ARE MADE OF DERIVATIVE MATERIALS SUCH AS?

PROTEASOMES AND PEPTONES

TYPE OF PROTEIN THAT IS TOUGH AND IS INVOLVED IN STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONS

FIBROUS PROTEINS

THEY ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR A STRUCTURAL FRAMEWORK IN THOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUES LIKE THE DERMIS

COLLAGEN

COLLAGEN, KERATIN, AND ELASTIN ARE WHAT TYPE OF PROTEINS?

FIBROUS PROTEINS

THIS IS INVOLVED IN MOBILE AND DYNAMIC FUNCTIONS

GLOBULAR PROTEINS

DEHYDROGENASES AND KINASES FUNCTIONS AS?

ENZYMES

FERRITIN AND MYOGLOBIN FUNCTIONS AS?

STORAGE PROTEINS

MYOGLOBIN, DNA BINDING PROTEINS FUNCTIONS AS?

REGULATORY PROTEINS

ELASTIN, RETICULIN, COLLAGEN FUNCTIONS AS?

STRUCTURAL PROTEINS

IMMUNOGLOBULIN, BLOOD CLOTTING FACTORS FUNCTIONS AS?

PROTECTIVE PROTEINS

PLASMA, LIPOPROTEINS FUNCTIONS AS A?

TRANSPORT PROTEINS

ACTIN AND MYOSIN FUNCTION AS A?

CONTRACTILE OR MOTILE PROTEINS

THESE ARE AMINO ACID POLYMERS HAVING, LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT AND TYPICALLY CONSIST OF LESS THAN 50 AMINO ACIDS

PEPTIDES

SHORTER VERSION OF LARGE PROTEINS

PEPTIDES

MORE THAN 50 AMINO ACIDS

A. PROTEINS

B. OLIGOPEPTIDES

C. POLYPEPTIDES

A

CONSISTING OF 2 TO 10 AMINO ACIDS

A. PROTEINS

B. OLIGOPEPTIDES

C. POLYPEPTIDES

B

HAVE MORE THAN 10 AMINO ACID RESIDUES

A. PROTEINS

B. OLIGOPEPTIDES

C. POLYPEPTIDES

C

CHAINS OF AMINO ACID RESIDUES ARE LINKED BY A?

PEPTIDE BOND

GAMMA-GLUTAMYL-L-’CYSTEINYGLYCINE

GLUTATHIONE

HOW MANY AMINO ACIDS DOES GLUTATHIONE CONTAINS?

3 AMINO ACIDS (TRIPEPTIDE)

PART OF GLUTATHIONE THAT IS SULFUR-CONTAINING AMINO ACID AND CAUSES WHITENING OF MELANOCYTES

CYSTEINE

SUPPLEMENT THAT IS ALSO A SULFUR-CONTAINING AMINO ACID WHICH IS RELATED WITH CYSTEINE

METHIONINE

THIS IS A REDUCING AGENT, DUE TO -SH GROUP

GLUTATHIONE

THIS PROTECTS THE CELL FROM THE DESTRUCTIVE EFFECTS OF OXIDATION BY PEROXIDES

GLUTATHIONE

THIS WORKS IN HAND WITH GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE

GLUTATHIONE

THIS IS NON-ESSENTIAL AS IT CAN BE PRODUCED INSIDE THE BODY (LIVER) BUT IT DECREASES IN SYNTHESIS AS WE AGE DUE TO INCREASED CATABOLISM

GLUTATHIONE

GLUTATHIONE ARE ADMINISTERED VIA?

ORAL OR INJECTIBLES

HOW MANY AMINO ACIDS DOES OXYTOCIN AND VASOPRESSIN HAVE?

9 AMINO ACIDS (NANO AMINO ACIDS)

THIS IS INVOLVED IN CHILDBIRTH BY STIMULATING THE CONTRACTIONS OF THE UTERINE WALL/MUSCLE (INFUSED WITH THE IV FLUID)

OXYTOCIN

THIS IS AN ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE (ADH) WHICH STIMULATES WATER REABSORPTION IN KIDNEYS

VASOPRESSIN

A PENTAPEPTIDE (5 AMINO ACIDS); ALSO OPIOID PEPTIDES

MET-ENKEPHALIN AND LEU-ENKEPHALIN

THIS HELPS IN RELIEVING PAIN; IT BINDS TO THE RECEPTORS IN THE BRAIN AND INDUCES ANALGESIA

MET-ENKEPHALIN AND LEU-ENKEPHALIN

PROTEINS WITH 28 AMINO ACID RESIDUES

ATRIAL NATRIURETIC FACTOR (ANF)

THIS STIMULATES THE PRODUCTION OF A DILUTE URINE

ATRIAL NATRIURETIC FACTOR (ANF)

THIS IS THE OPPOSITE OF ENKEPHALIN; THIS STIMULATES THE PERCEPTION OF PAIN

SUBSTANCE P AND BRADYKININ

THIS HAS 29 AMINO ACIDS; OPPOSES THE ACTION OF INSULIN (ANTI-INSULIN)

GLUCAGON

THIS IS AN ARTIFICIAL SWEETENER AND IS PRESENT IN SOFTDRINKS

ASPARTAME

FORMATION OF THE PEPTIDE BOND IS THROUGH THE INTERACTION BETWEEN THE?

ALPHA-CARBOXYL GROUP (1ST) AND ALPHA-AMINO GROUP (2ND)

THIS IS A PARTIAL DOUBLE BOND - SINGLE BOND BUT ACTS AS A DOUBLE BOND; HAS A RIGID STRUCTURE

PLANAR PEPTIDE BOND

THIS IS WHEN THE SIDE CHAINS ARE SITUATED ON OPPOSITE SIDES

COPLANAR

POLAR BUT UNCHARGED; TRANS CONFIGURATION

PLANAR PEPTIDE BOND

ORGANIZATION OF PROTEINS: SEQUENCE OF AMINO ACIDS

PRIMARY STRUCTURE

ORGANIZATION OF PROTEINS: ALPHA HELIX OR BETA SHEET

SECONDARY STRUCTURE

ORGANIZATION OF PROTEINS: 3D SHAPE

TERTIARY STRUCTURE

ORGANIZATION OF PROTEINS: MULTIPLE POLYPEPTIDES

QUATERNARY STRUCTURE

THIS IS THE BACKBONE OF YOUR PROTEIN

PRIMARY STRUCTURE

LINEAR SEQUENCES OF YOUR AMINO ACID RESIDUES

PRIMARY STRUCTURE

IT’S LIKE A STRAIGHT CHAIN OF AMINO ACID RESIDUES

PRIMARY STRUCTURE

QUANTITATIVE AMINO ACID COMPOSITION; SEQUENCE OF AMINO ACIDS; NUMBER OF PEPTIDE CHAIN

PRIMARY STRUCTURE

REFERS TO THE ATOMS THAT PARTICIPATE IN THE FORMATION OF PEPTIDE BONDS

BACKBONE OF A PROTEIN

THE SIGNIFICANT BOND IN PRIMARY STRUCTURE IS CALLED THE?

PEPTIDE BOND/AMIDE BOND

REFERS TO THE COILING OR A FORMATION OF A DIFFERENT FORM OF YOUR PRIMARY STRUCTURE

SECONDARY STRUCTURE

THIS HAPPENS DUE TO THE FORMATION OF HYDROGEN BONDS BETWEEN PEPTIDE BONDS

SECONDARY STRUCTURE

TWO TYPES OF SECONDARY STRUCTURE ARE THE?

COILS OR HELICES AND SHEETS OR PLEATS

INTRACHAIN HYDROGEN BONDING

A. COILS OR HELICES

B. SHEETS AND PLEATS

A

INTERCHAIN HYDROGEN BONDING

A. COILS OR HELICES

B. SHEETS AND PLEATS

B

THIS WAS DISCOVERED BY LINUS PAULING IN 1951

ALPHA HELIX

STABILIZED BY INTER-RESIDUE HYDROGEN BONDS FORMED BETWEEN THE H ATOM ATTACHED TO A PEPTIDE N AND THE CARBONYL O ATOM

ALPHA HELIX

IN ____, EACH PEPTIDE BOND PARTICIPATES IN HYDROGEN BONDING

ALPHA HELIX

THIS FORMS SPONTANEOUSLY AS IT IS THE LOWEST ENERGY, MOST STABLE CONFORMATION FOR A POLYPEPTIDE CHAIN

ALPHA HELIX

IN ALPHA HELIX, ______ EXTEND OUTWARD FROM THE HELIX

AMINO ACID R GROUPS

TRUE OR FALSE. PRESENCE OF ADJACENT SIMILARLY CHARGED AMINO ACIDS DESTABILIZE THE ALPHA HELIX

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE. PRESENCE OF ADJACENT BULKY R GROUPS CAN DESTABILIZE ALPHA HELIX

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE. PRESENCE OF YOUR PROLINE CAN BREAK YOU ALPHA HELICAL STRUCTURE AS IT CONTAINS RIGID RING THAT PREVENTS THE N-C BOND FROM ROTATING

TRUE

THIS IS THE SECOND MOST COMMONLY OCCURRING PROTEIN SECONDARY STRUCTURE

BETA-PLEATED SHEET

THIS IS FORMED WHEN 2 OR MORE ALMOST FULLY EXTENDED POLYPEPTIDE CHAIN LIE SIDE BY SIDE SUCH THAT HYDROGEN BONDING OCCURS BETWEEN ADJACENT PEPTIDE CHAINS

BETA-PLEATED SHEET

TRUE OR FALSE. THERE IS ALSO A BETA-PLEATED SHEET THAT HAS ONLY 1 POLYPEPTIDE, IT WILL JUST BEND ON ITS OWN

TRUE

THIS LIE ABOVE OR BELOW THE ZIGZAGGING PLANES OF THE PLEATED SHEET AND ARE NEARLY PERPENDICULAR TO THEM

R GROUPS

THESE HAVE SHARP/SOFT BENDS

BETA-PLEATED SHEET

AMINO ACIDS WITH LESS BULKY R GROUPS ARE PRESENT IN?

BETA-PLEATED SHEET

DIFFERENT ARRANGEMENT OF BETA-SHEETS WHEREIN NEIGHBORING H BONDED POLYPEPTIDE CHAINS RUN IN OPPOSITE DIRECTION; MORE STABLE AND ARE MORE COMMON

ANTI-PARALLEL BETA-SHEET

DIFFERENT ARRANGEMENT OF BETA-SHEETS WHEREIN HYDROGEN BONDED CHAINS EXTEND IN THE SAME DIRECTION

PARALLEL BETA SHEET

FACTORS THAT DESTABILIZE BETA-PLEATED SHEET ARE?

BULKY R GROUPS AND R GROUPS WITH LIKE CHARGES