Safe Social Life and Emergency Medical Systems

Flashcards covering emergency response times, the roles of bystanders, the Chain of Survival, survival curves for cardiac/respiratory arrest, and the structure of Japan's emergency medical system.

National Average Emergency Arrival Time (2024)

$$9.8\,\text{minutes}$$

Bystander

A person present at the scene of an emergency who performs actions like first aid before medical professionals arrive.

Primary Life Saving Measures (BLS)

Actions taken by bystanders to increase survival probability until emergency services arrive.

The Chain of Survival

A sequence of four steps including early recognition/reporting, primary life-saving measures ($\text{BLS}$), resuscitation with $\text{AED}$, and advanced medical care.

Carla's Survival Curve (Cardiac Arrest)

The point where the probability of survival reaches $50\%$ is approximately $\text{3 minutes}$ after the event.

Carla's Survival Curve (Respiratory Arrest)

The point where the probability of survival reaches $50\%$ is approximately $\text{10 minutes}$ after the event.

Carla's Survival Curve (Massive Bleeding)

The point where the probability of survival reaches $50\%$ is approximately $\text{30 minutes}$ after the event.

Survival Rate Decrease per Minute

If no action is taken during cardiac arrest, the survival rate decreases by $7\text{ to }10\%$ every minute.

Chest Compressions Impact

Increases the survival rate by $2\text{ to }3\,\text{times}$ compared to doing nothing by protecting the brain from damage.

Ventricular Fibrillation AED Effectiveness

If an $\text{AED}$ is used within $1\,\text{minute}$, the possibility of survival is nearly $90\%$

Initial Emergency Medical Care

The level of care responsible for treating patients with minor symptoms during nighttime or holidays.

Secondary Emergency Medical Care

The level of care that provides inpatient treatment for emergency patients as needed.

Tertiary Emergency Medical Care

A 24-hour system at Emergency and Critical Care Centers that accepts all severe, life-threatening emergency patients.

7119

The phone number for the Emergency Consultation Center, used to determine if an ambulance is immediately necessary.