Daisy Bell (Bicycle Built for Two)- 1892

Daisy Bell is a celebration of what?

Tandem bicycle

Daisy bell is filled with puns about what?

Bicycles

What was Harry Dacre’s pen name?

Frank Dean

What was Harry Dacre’s (Frank Dean) lifespan?

(1857-1922)

Who arranged Daisy Bell?

Hiroshi Tamawari

When was Daisy Bell composed?

1892

Where did Harry Dacre primarily write songs?

England

Is it likely the lyrics of Daisy bell have seen revisions over time?

Yes, the ones in the guide may not be the original works

Where did Harry Dacre take voyage to to take a break after writing hundreds of songs in England?

United States

What did Herry Dacre take with him to the US?

His bicycle

What Complication arose regarding Harry Dacre taking his bicycle to the US?

He had to pay import duties when he arrived at NY

Where did Harry Dacre arrive at In the US?

NY

What did a friend of Dacre say about the bicycle he took?

He was lucky not to have taken a tandem or he would've had to pay twice as much

What reportedly inspired Dacre’s song about a “bicycle built for two?”

The joke by his friend

Why may it be untrue that his friends joke inspired Daisy Bell?

A scholar reported that Dacre had already written a piece about a “donkey-cart built for two” but changed the lyrics because he found out donkey-carts weren’t common in the US

Who turned Daisy Bell into a huge hit in 1892?

Katie Lawrence

What was Kattie Lawrence’s lifespan?

1868-1913

Who was Katie Lawrence?

An entertainer/singer credited with turned Daisy Bell into a hit in 1892

Where did Katie Lawrence’s efforts to make Daisy Bell a hit take place?

THE US and Great Britain

Who was Kate Carney?

A vocalist who enjoyed success in London with a Daisy Bell type song

What was Kate Carney’s lifespan?

1869-1950

What song did Kate Carney enjoy success for in London?

Sarah or a Donkey Cart Built For Two

Is it known if the song that Kate Carney sung in London was the original?

No, it may be the original or a later satire

Which present-day artist made a musical spoof of Daisy bell?

Weird Al Yankovic

When did Yankovic record his version of Daisy Bell?

2014

Why did Weird Al Yankovic create his spoof on Daisy bell?

To Support music education I disadvantaged schools

What is the form of Daisy bell?

Verse-Chorus

How long after falling out of fashion did Daisy Bell experience a revival?>

Almost 70 years later

What event led to the revival of Daisy bell in 1961?

Programmers at Bell laboratories synthesized speech for the first time

Where was Bell Laboratories?

Murray Hill, New Jersey

What did the programmers at Bell laboratories use to synthesize speech for the first time?

IBM 704 computer

What is a possible reason that Bell labs chose the chorus from Daisy Bell for their experiment?

Because “bell” was in the name of the songs title

What part of Daisy bell did the programmers at Bell Labs use for their speech synthesis experiment?

The chorus melody

What did the Bell Labs programmers do to support the singing voice in their experiment?

Create an electronic accompaniment

What was Arthur C. Clarke’s lifespan?

1917-2008

What inspired Arthur C. Clarke on the film “2001: A Space Odyssey” to use Daisy Bell?

His visit to a friend at Bell Labs when the speech synthesis experiment took place

When was 2001: A Space Odyssey released?

1868

In 2001: A Space Odyssey who is the main antagonist?

HAL 9000, a malfunctioning, menacing computer

Who is the protagonist in 2001: A Space Odyssey

Astronaut Dave Bowman

What does HAL 9000 offer to do for the astronaut in “2001: A Space Odyssey?”

Sing him a song named “Daisy”

In “2001: A Space Odyssey” where did HAL 9000 learn the song “Daisy” from?

His programmer, Mr. Langley

What do the lyrics in 2001: A Space Odyssey open with?

“Daisy, Daisy, give me your answer, do”

Why may the opening lyric in “Daisy” in “2001: A Space Odyssey” be ironic?

Because one of HAL’s purposes as a computer is to provide answers to problems

How can viewers tell that the astronaut is succeeding in deactivating HAL as he sings?

The slowing and increasing distortion of HAL’s voice

What inspired subsequent composers to adopt Daisy Bell?

The reappearance of the film in the 1968 movie

Which composer created an arrangement for Daisy Bell in 2016?

Hiroshi Tamawari

When was Hiroshi Tamawari born?

1971

What is Hiroshi Tamawari’s arrangement of Daisy Bell an overview of?

The developing types of musical synthesis

How does Hiroshi Tamawari open his vversionn of Daisy Bell?

A wordless statement of the chorus melody

How is the initial wordless statement of the chorus melody in Tamawari’s Daisy Bell performed?

Monophonically, using the timbre from the IBM 704

What did Tamawari use since he didn't have an actual IBM computer?

A software called “chipspeech”

What does chipspeech do?

It emulates synthetic sounds from the past

After the wordless opening statement by the IBM 704 what occurs?

It repeats the chorus, with a simple accompaniment of pulses on beats 2 and 3

What beats on the repeat of the chorus in the iintroduction of Daisy bell feature pulses?

2 and 3

Which singer was added to the sheet music for their efforts in popularizing Daisy Bell?

Katie Lawrence

What types of voices are interwoven into the subsequent verses of Daisy Bell?

Non-human voices

What else does Tamawari use beside the IBM 704?

A vocorder and a Cyber Diva

What does the first voice feature?

A duet of two “voices” in unison

What is the more prominent timbre in the first verse?

The vocorder

What is a vocorder?

An electronic device developed by Bell Labs in 1937

When was the vocorder developed?

1937

What does a vocorder do?

It compresses and synthesizes the voice of an actual person

What was the full name of the Cyber Diva voice?

Vocaloid4 Cyber Diva

What was used to generate the second voice?

Virtual singing software (Vocaloid 4 Cyber Diva)

The Cyber Diva does what to the vocoder’s melody?

It doubles it (sings at the same time however more quietly in this case)

How much newer is the vocaloid software than IBM 704?

50 years

The vocaloid software offters what that the IBM 704 didn't?

More options in its programming

What timbre does Tamawari return to for the remaining choruses?

IBM 704

What “words” does Tamawari use in the remaining choruses after Verse 1?

The 1961 words (from Bell labs experiment)

The chorus performed at what time features IBM 704 alone? What chorus is this?

1:39; The first vocal chorus (3rd overall)

The chorus at which time features both the IBM 704 and Cyber Diva? What chorus is this?

2:41; second vocal chorus (4th overall)

In the second chorus what change did Tamawari make to the vocaloid (Cyber Diva)?

He made it sound more mechanical by restricting its singing data

In the final chorus who sings the melody?>

IBM 704

In the final chorus who sings the harmony?

Cyber Diva

In the final chorus what change has occured to Cyber Diva compared to the preceding chorus?

It is more lyrical due to changes in its singing data

In the final chorus what device is applied to the last syllable by both the IBM 704 and Cyber Diva?

A fermata

What is a fermata?

A musical device which indicates that the sound/silence should be prolonged while the metric pulse stops.

What does the fermata in Daisy Bell do?

It causes the steady beat to come to a halt

Who sings in verse 2?

The cyber diva alone

What musical device is added on the final syllable of Verse two?

Vibrato

What word is the vibrato added to in Verse 2?

Bell!

What word is the fermata added to in the last chorus?

“Two!”

What is the effect of the vibrato in verse 2?

It makes the voice sound more human by introducing a small oscillation

In verse 3 what change is made to Cyber Diva?>

It is programmed to sound more human

What vocal technique in Verse 3 elevates its human qualities>

Melismas

The majority of the text in verse 3, and the majority of the text is set in which way?

Set syllabically

What does being set syllabically mean?

There is one note per syullable

What is melismatic text setting?

Where there is one syllable of peotry set to multiple pitches in the me,lody

What song features a well known example of melisma?

The CHristmas Carol “Angels we Have Heard on High”

What syllable of what lyric features a melisma in “Angels we have heard on high?”

“Glo-” in the lyric “Gloria in excelsis”

The syllable “glo-” in “Angels we Have Heard on High” flexes in what way?

A long, descending series of notes

Melisma in the resource guide is applied to what?

Any notee grouping that is not syllabic, even small groups of 2 or 3 notes

Pop culture often uses the word melisma to refer to what?

Vocal embellishments

What does Hiroshi Tamawari’s arrangement remind of us of regardless of its computer-nature?

How far computers have traveled in the last decades of ther 20th century

How does Daisy Bell open?

A low mechanical hum

After the introductory noise in Daisy Bell what occurs>

Monophonic synthesized tones from the IBM 704

What is the meter of Daisy Bell>?

Triple meter

In chorus 1 and 2 what is occuring in Daisy Bell?

A monophonic triple meter melody which in the first chorus is alone, but in the second feature pulses on beats 2 and 3

What occurs in the first verse of Daisy Bell?

Unison singing between the vocoder which is prominent, and the Cyber Diva which ennunciates unclearly

What occurs in the first chorus of Daisy Bell?

The IBM 704 sings on its own with unclear enunciation