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Absolute Distance
Is the exact measurement between two places (often in miles or kilometers)
Relative Distance
Describes how connected or accessible two places are regardless of measurement.
Absolute Location
Is a place’s exact coordinates on Earth (latitude/longitude),
Relative Location
Describes where something is in relation to other landmarks.
Class Intervals
Ranges of values grouped together in data representation, often used in maps or graphs.
Core
Regions that are highly developed, economically powerful areas
Periphery
Regions that are less developed and rely on the core.
Cultural Ecology
Studies how human cultures adapt to and interact with their environments.
Cultural Landscapes
Are the visible imprint of human activity on the land.
Population Density
Measures how many people live in a given area (per square mile/kilometer).
Distance Decay
Describes how interactions between places decrease as distance increases.
Distribution (Circular, Clustered, Dispersed, Geometric, Linear, Random)
Distribution refers to how features or people are arranged in space (clustered close together, dispersed apart, linear along a road, circular around a center, random with no pattern, geometric in a designed pattern).
Environmental Determinism
Argues the environment shapes human actions
Possibilism
Says humans adapt and shape their environment.
Equator
Is the 0° latitude line dividing Earth into north and south
Prime Meridian
Is the 0° longitude line dividing Earth into east and west.
Field Observations, Personal Interviews, and Travel Narratives
These are ways geographers collect qualitative data through direct observation, interviews, and written accounts of travel.
Geographical Data
Is any information tied to a specific location.
Geospatial Data
Refers specifically to data that can be mapped using coordinates and spatial layers.
Globalization
Is the increasing interconnectedness of people, cultures, and economies worldwide.
Landscape Analysis
Is the study of visible features of a region to understand human and environmental impact.
Land Use
Describes how humans utilize land for purposes like farming, housing, or industry.
Latitude
Lines that run east–west measuring north/south of the equator,
Longitude
Lines that run north–south measuring east/west of the prime meridian.
Map Projections
Methods of displaying Earth’s round surface on flat maps;
Map Projections (Goode)
Minimizes shape distortion but interrupts oceans.
Map Projections (Mercator)
Distorts size near poles,
Map Projections (Robinson)
Balances distortion
Maps (Cartograms)
Distort size by data
Maps (Dot Distribution)
Use dots for quantity
Maps (Flow Map)
Show movement
Maps (Graduated Symbol)
Maps use symbol size for value
Maps (Isoline)
connect equal values
Maps (Plat)
show property boundaries.