Mitchell Aerospace

A bird is a _____

Living machine

The story of Daedalus and his son, Icarus

The two were imprisoned on an island. As an escape, they decided to make wings of sea bird feathers and beeswax. They were able to fly until Icarus flew too high and the wax melted and he died in the Aegean Sea

Joseph and Etienne Montgolfier did what

They created and flew the first manned hot air balloon

When was the first hot air balloon flight

November 21, 1783

___________ were the first known powered aircraft with humans onboard

Balloons

______were the first aircraft to have directional control

Gliders

What did Marco Polo see in China and when

In 1299 he saw Chinese sailors attached to kites used at military observers

What are the phases of fight for birds

Ground phase, lift phase, flight

Dynamic lift is also called

Newtonian Lift

What is Newtonian lift

The downwash of air on the trailing edge of the wing

What did Bernoulli discover

relationship between pressure and fluids in motion became the cornerstone of the theory of airfoil lift

As the speed of a fluid increases the pressure_____

Decresses

Newtons first law

An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

Newton's Second Law

A force acting upon a body causes it to accelerate in the direction of the force. Acceleration is directly proportional to the force and inversely proportional to the mass of the body being accelerated

Newton's third law

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

Which of newtons laws explains lift

3rd

The curve on the top of the wing is called_______

Camber

Define relative wind

The airflow the airplane experiences as it moves through the air

What part of the airfoil splits the air

The leading edge

What is the Coanda effect?

a fluid sticks to the surface it is flowing over, following the surface as it bends

Define angle of attack

The angle between the direction of travel and the relative wind

What are the four forces of flight

lift, weight, thrust, and drag

Define Lift

The upward force resulting from airflow over the wings that opposes gravity

Define Thrust

the forward force produced by the plane's engine

Define weight

A measure of the force of gravity on an object

Define Drag

Drag is the force or forces acting to oppose the motion of an object through a fluid

Movement around the _______ axis is called yaw

Vertical

Movement around the _______ axis is called roll

longitudinal

Movement around the _______ axis is called pitch

Lateral

The elevator is attached to the_______

Horizontal Stabilizer

A stabilator refers to______

Horizontal Stabilizer and the elevator

The rudder controls what

yaw

What do flaps do

Increase lift and drag (used on takeoff and landing)

A propeller is a spinning wing that produces

lift

The MQ-9 Reaper is a

UAV

UAV stands for______

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

The Global Hawk is a

UAV

How far away is the sun?

93 million miles

When the sun heats the surface of the earth, the air around it heats up this causes the air to_____

Rise, it creates convection currents

Thermals provide glider pilots with_______

Lift

Define a glider

An aircraft designed to glide after being towed up to altitude

What is the Schweizer TG-4A?

Sailplane (glider) flown by the USAF acadmey

What instruments are in gliders

Airspeed indicator, altimeter, variometer, and a compass

What is a Blanik L23

A glider flown by CAP

September 1783, the Montgolfier brothers flew a balloon with what passengers on it

A sheep, rooster, and a duck

Balloons operate of the property of _________

Buoyancy

The container that holds the hot air is called the________

Envelope

What are hot air balloons powered by?

A propane burner

What is the basket on a hot air balloon called

The gondola

Hydrogen balloons can carry ____ lbs. for every _____ cu. ft. of hydrogen

60, 1000

Air baloons can carry ____ lbs. for every _____ cu. ft of hydrogen

17-20, 1000

How much does a hot air balloon weigh?

600 lbs

The panels that hot air balloons are called

Gores

What are hot air balloons made of?

a blend of nylon(strong and light) and dacron (heat resistant), a form of polyester

What are the four main instruments on an hot air balloon?

Temperature gauge (of the air in the balloon), altimeter, variometer, and GPS

combustion

the chemical process of burning

combustion chamber

an enclosed container in which fuel and air are burned for the production of energy

compression

the act of making a given volume of gas smaller

cycle

a recurring series of events; the airplane engine has four cycles, intake, compression, power, and exhaust

fuel

a chemical substance that is used as a source of energy; aircraft fuels include gasoline, kerosene, and propane

lean mixture

a mixture of gasoline and air in which there is less fuel and more air

magneto

an electrical generator that produces power when rotated

meter/metering

in terms of fuel for an engine, this is the process of allowing a precise amount of fuel to pass (An example would be a passageway that allows only so many molecules of gasoline to pass in a given unit of time.)

powerplant

a term which applies to the airplane engine and accessories

reciprocating

a type of engine that processes air and fuel by a back and forth movement of its internal parts

rich mixture

a mixture of gasoline and air in which there is more gasoline and less air than needed for normal combustion

stoichiometric

a ratio of fuel to air in which, upon combustion, all of the fuel is burned (In energy terms, it is 15 parts air to 1 part gasoline.)

stroke

in the example of an airplane engine, it is the movement of the piston to its limits within the combustion chamber

Altimeter

an instrument to measure altitude through the air pressure

variometer

an instrument to determine the rate of climb or descent; sometimes referred to as vertical velocity indicator

Airspeed Indicator

Shows aircraft speed in knots relative to surrounding air.

Many instruments are powered by the power of _______

gyroscopes

What is a glass cockpit?

A cockpit that features electronic instrument displays

What are the layers of the earth

inner core, outer core, mantle, crust

ATC

air traffic control

beacon

a tower-mounted, large, rotating light located at an airport that gives pilots a guide to the type of airport and the airport's location

controlled airport

an airport with an operating control tower

control tower

a structure that houses air traffic controllers

course

the intended path of flight, which is measured in angular degrees from true or magnetic north on a compass

FAA

Federal Aviation Administration, which is the regulatory authority for all aviation

FSS

Flight Service Station a FAA facility that provides pilots with weather briefings and flight planning (opening and closure)

heading

the direction that an airplane points with respect to true, or magnetic, north including any wind displacement; based on its longitudinal axis

noise abatement

a policy set forth by a governing body that controls the noise impact upon a community surrounding an airport

ramp

the airport's "parking lot"

runway

a dedicated pathway for taking off and landing airplanes

runway heading

a number labeling a runway, which is based on corresponding degrees from true, or magnetic, north

segmented circle

a set of indicators, usually surrounding an airport's wind sock, that provide traffic pattern information to a pilot in the air

taxi

ground movement of an airplane

taxiway

a passageway between the parking area and the runways of an airport

tetrahedron

a device that gives an indication of the landing direction at an airport

traffic pattern

a rectangular virtual path above an airport that facilitates the coordination of the flow of aircraft in the air

uncontrolled airport

an airport without an operating control tower

wind direction indicators

several types of devices that give a pilot an indication of wind direction

wind sock

a fabric tube that shows which direction the wind is from

cartography

the art and science of creating charts and maps

chart

a projection, usually on paper, showing a body of land and other features, such as water, that gives information, usually in the form of symbols, graphs, or illustrations

latitude

a system of lines that run parallel to the equator, also known as parallels

legend

an illustration showing the symbols that are used on charts

longitude

a system of lines, known as meridians, between the north and south poles

map

a representation of the surface of the Earth (or of the sky/space above)