Bio 108 Exam 2

Blood Vessels, Blood and Immune

Which vessels typically carry blood away from the heart ?

arteries

The closure of a precapillary sphincter prevents blood flow to tissues from:

arterioles

Which vessels serve as the blood reservoirs of the body?

Veins

The outward force that blood exerts on the walls of the blood vessel is:

blood pressure

Select the correct relationship between peripheral resistance and blood pressure.

As peripheral resistance increases, blood pressure increases

Which of the following will decrease peripheral resistance?

increase in vessel radius

Which blood vessels handle the highest blood pressure?

systemic arteries

What two values are needed to calculate mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

diastolic pressure and systolic pressure

Archie took several deep breaths of air. By breathing deeply, what mechanism did he assist to return venous blood to his heart?

respiratory pump

Which nervous system promotes increases peripheral resistance and increased blood pressure through the vasoconstriction of systemic arterioles?

sympathetic nervous system

Which if the following stimuli is detected by a chemoreceptor?

decreased blood oxygen concentration

What hormone is released to decreased blood pressure?

atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Hypertension is defined as:

a high force of blood against arteries

At the arteriolar end of the capillary, which pressure is greatest?

capillary hydrostatic pressure

Which pressure pulls water into the capillary?

colloid osmotic pressure

Determine the fluid movement when hydrostatic pressure exceeds colloid osmotic pressure.

water is pushed out of the capillary by filtration

Which of the following situations created edema?

an increase in the capillary hydrostatic pressure gradient

What is the most abundant component of plasma that contributes to the blood viscosity?

water

Which statement best describes red blood cells?

red blood cell passes a protein known as hemoglobin

The function of red blood cells is to:

transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

All red blood cells in an adult originate in the:

red bone marrow

What cell gives rise to all formed elements?

hematopoietic stem cell

Which of the following might trigger erythropoiesis?

blood oxygen levels fall below normal

Which organ traps older erythrocytes so they will be removed from circulation?

spleen

Which of the following immune responses includes presence of phagocytes?

inflammatory response

Which type of hematopoietic stem cell may produce antibodies?

lymphocyte

Where do T lymphocytes mature?

thymus gland

During the transfusion, if incompatible antigens are introduced, antibodies can bind to foreign antigens, causing them to clump together, or:

agglutinate

Which of the following is NOT a basic function of the lymphatic system?

regulation of calcium ion concentration

Which if the following is part of the complement system?

inflammatory response

What type of immunity exists even in the absence of a specific stimulus?

innate immunity

Mary's mosquito bite is red, warm, and swollen, indicating she is experiencing the effects of:

the inflammatory response

What initiates cell activation

T cell activation begins with a dendritic cell processing and displaying antigen fragments on its MHC molecules

What is the difference between class l and Class ll MHC molecules?

differs in how they treat an antigen

What cells are responsible for cell-mediated (not antibody mediated) immunological memory in which the immune response is expedited upon subsequent exposure to an antigen?

memory T cells