Which vessels typically carry blood away from the heart ?
arteries
The closure of a precapillary sphincter prevents blood flow to tissues from:
arterioles
Which vessels serve as the blood reservoirs of the body?
Veins
The outward force that blood exerts on the walls of the blood vessel is:
blood pressure
Select the correct relationship between peripheral resistance and blood pressure.
As peripheral resistance increases, blood pressure increases
Which of the following will decrease peripheral resistance?
increase in vessel radius
Which blood vessels handle the highest blood pressure?
systemic arteries
What two values are needed to calculate mean arterial pressure (MAP)?
diastolic pressure and systolic pressure
Archie took several deep breaths of air. By breathing deeply, what mechanism did he assist to return venous blood to his heart?
respiratory pump
Which nervous system promotes increases peripheral resistance and increased blood pressure through the vasoconstriction of systemic arterioles?
sympathetic nervous system
Which if the following stimuli is detected by a chemoreceptor?
decreased blood oxygen concentration
What hormone is released to decreased blood pressure?
atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
Hypertension is defined as:
a high force of blood against arteries
At the arteriolar end of the capillary, which pressure is greatest?
capillary hydrostatic pressure
Which pressure pulls water into the capillary?
colloid osmotic pressure
Determine the fluid movement when hydrostatic pressure exceeds colloid osmotic pressure.
water is pushed out of the capillary by filtration
Which of the following situations created edema?
an increase in the capillary hydrostatic pressure gradient
What is the most abundant component of plasma that contributes to the blood viscosity?
water
Which statement best describes red blood cells?
red blood cell passes a protein known as hemoglobin
The function of red blood cells is to:
transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
All red blood cells in an adult originate in the:
red bone marrow
What cell gives rise to all formed elements?
hematopoietic stem cell
Which of the following might trigger erythropoiesis?
blood oxygen levels fall below normal
Which organ traps older erythrocytes so they will be removed from circulation?
spleen
Which of the following immune responses includes presence of phagocytes?
inflammatory response
Which type of hematopoietic stem cell may produce antibodies?
lymphocyte
Where do T lymphocytes mature?
thymus gland
During the transfusion, if incompatible antigens are introduced, antibodies can bind to foreign antigens, causing them to clump together, or:
agglutinate
Which of the following is NOT a basic function of the lymphatic system?
regulation of calcium ion concentration
Which if the following is part of the complement system?
inflammatory response
What type of immunity exists even in the absence of a specific stimulus?
innate immunity
Mary's mosquito bite is red, warm, and swollen, indicating she is experiencing the effects of:
the inflammatory response
What initiates cell activation
T cell activation begins with a dendritic cell processing and displaying antigen fragments on its MHC molecules
What is the difference between class l and Class ll MHC molecules?
differs in how they treat an antigen
What cells are responsible for cell-mediated (not antibody mediated) immunological memory in which the immune response is expedited upon subsequent exposure to an antigen?
memory T cells