Peritoneal Cavity and GI

_ lines the abdominal cavity and drapes over structures in the abdomen and pelvis

peritoneum

where is the peritoneal cavity between

space between parietal and visceral periotneum

what does the parietal peritoneum cover

abdominal wall

what does the visceral peritoneum cover

organs of the abdomen

what is the parietal peritoneum sensitive to

pressure

pain

temperature

laceration

what innervates the parietal peritoneum

somatic sensory

what is the visceral peritoneum sensitive to

stretch

chemical irritation

what innevate visceral peritoneum

visceral sensory innervation

how is the peritoneal cavity subdivided

greater sac

lesser sac (omenta bursa)

a small opening connecting the greater and lesser sacs

omental foramen

where is the omental foramen located

posterior to the right margin of the lesser omentum

posterior to the portal triad

_ are where parietal and viscseral peritoneum are continuous

mesenteries

structure of mesenteries

double layered folds of peritoneum

what do mesenteries convey

blood vessels

nerves

lymphatics

mesenteries store _

visceral fat

what do peritoneal ligaments connect

organs to organs

organs to wall

which organs are intraperitoneal

stomach

spleen

gallbladder

small intestine

appendix

what defines an intraperiotneal organ

suspended from the body wall by mesenteries are are covered with visceral peritoneum

intreperitoneal organs are covered by _

visceral peritoneum

characteristic of primarily retroperitoneal organs

posterior to the peritoneal cavity

LACK mesenteries

primarily retroperitoneal organs

aorta

inferior vena cavae

urinary system

characteristics of secondarily retroperitoneal organs

inititally have mesenteries but lose them

lie behind the peritoneum

secondarily retroperitoneal organs

parts of the duodenum

pancreas

liver

large intestine

what are retropertioneal organs covered by

parietal peritoneum

contents of the foregut

esophagus

stomach

1/2 duodenum

liver

gallbladder

pancreas

spleen

midgut contents

1/2 duodenum

jejunum

ileum

cecum

appendix

ascending colon

2/3 of trasverse colon

hindgut contents

1/3 transverse colon

descending colon

sigmoid colon

rectum

where does the abdominal esophagus begin

T10 at the esophageal hiatus

function of the stomach

chemically and mechanically prepares food for digestion

regions of the stomach

cardia

fundus

body

pyloric part

what does the lesser curvature of the stomach attach to

lesser omentum

what does the greater curvature of the stomach attach to

greater omentum

first part of the small intestine

duodenum

shape of the duodenum

C shaped around the head of the pancreas

length of the duoduenum

20-25 cm

regions of the duodenum

superior (first)

descending (second)

horizontal (third)

ascending (fourth)

what marks the end of the duodenum

dudenojejunal junction

functions of the liver (5)

metabolism

receives all nutrients of digestion (except fat)

stores glycogen

secretes bile

which nutrient does the liver not receive

fat

location of the liver

most of the RUQ

left lobe extends across midline to LUQ

where is the liver palpable

directly below right costal margin

what does the falciform ligament of the liver connect

connects liver to anterior abdominal wall

what separates the lobes of the liver

falciform ligament

surfaces of the liver

diaphragmatic

visceral

what enters the porta hepatis

hepatic arteries

portal vein

what exits the porta hepatis

hepatic ducts

what other structures pass through the liver

IVC

gallbladder

what surrounds the liver

visceral peritoneum

what is the quadrate lobe of the liver bounded by

left: fissure for ligamentum teres

right: gallbladder

what is the caudate lobe of the liver bounded by?

left: ligamentum venosum

right: iVC

what is the part of the portal triad

portal vein

hepatic artery

bile duct

what is unique about the caudate lobe

it is a separate functional liver

how is the liver functionally divided

right and left sides

8 segments

arterial supply of the liver

right and left hepatic arteries

what do the hepatic arteries arise from

celiac trunk (of abodminal aorta) -> common hepatic artery → proper hepatic artery → left and right hepatic arteries

what runs between segments of the liver

hepatic veins

importance of the functional divisions of the liver

can surgically remove lobes/segments that are diseased while minimizing damage to healthy tissue

what vessel carries nutrients absorbed from the digestive tract to the liver

portal vein

how does venous blood leave the liver

hepatic veins -> IVC

the hepatoduodenal ligament serves as the anterior border of _

omental foramen

what connects the liver and duodenum

hepataduodenal ligament

main function of the gallbladder

receives, concentrates, stores bile

which organ produces bile

liver

function of bile

emulsifies fats during digestion

parts of the gallbladder

fundus

body

neck

arterial supply of the gallbladder

cystic artery from the right hepatic artery

where does the bile duct start and end

extends from the liver

connects with gallbladder

empties into descending part of the duodenum

bile ducts that drain the liver

right and left hepatic ducts

path of the bile duct

left and right hepatic duct

common hepatic duct

cystic duct joins common hepatic duct

bile duct

pancreatic duct

hepatopancreatic ampulla of Vater

what prevents bile entry to the ampulla

spinchter at the distal end of the bile duct contracts

when do gallstones form

when cholesterol and other bile contents concentrate into hardened nodules inside the gallbladder

functions of the pancreas

endocrine: releases glucagon and insulin

exocrine: produces pancreatic juice

where is pancreatic juice released

into the second part of the duodenum

how is pancreatic juice released

ducts that lead to the main pancreatic duct

regions of the pancreas

body

neck

head

tail

what vessels pass through the pancreas

superior mesenteric vessels

spleen functions (4)

production of lymphocytes

monitoring/responding to immune system

removing/destroying old RBCs and platelets

resevoir for RBCs

blood supply to the foregut

celiac trunk

branches of the celiac trunk

common hepatic

left gastric

splenic

what does the proper hepatic artery split into

left and right hepatic artery

right gastric artery

where does the right gastric artery come from

proper hepatic artery

where does the gastroduodenal artery come from

common hepatic artery

where does the right gastro omental artery come from

gastroduodenal artery

where does the left gastro omental artery come from

splenic