Dental Anatomy Lecture 1: Dental Anatomy

Specialties of dentistry we will be studying

-operative

-prosthodontics

-endo

-pens

-oral surgery

-perio

Why do we need to know this?

Foundational building blocks for other dental knowledge

3 planes of orientation

-coronal

-median/midsagittal

-transverse

What plane is this?

Transverse

What plane is this?

Coronal

What plane is this?

Median/sagittal/midsagittal

What two planes do we use in the mouth?

Transverse and Median

What does the transverse plane separate in the mouth?

Maxillary and Mandibular

What does the median plane separate in the mouth?

Left and right sides

What side is labeled number 2?

Right side

What side is labeled number 4?

Left side

What arch is labeled number 1?

Maxillary

What arch is labeled number 3?

Mandibular

Where is quadrant 1 located?

Right maxillary

Where is quadrant 2 located?

Left maxillary

Where is quadrant 3 located?

Left Mandibular

Where is quadrant 4 located?

Right Mandibular

What are the two front teeth called?

Central Incisors

What two teeth are next to the central incisors?

Lateral incisors

What are the teeth between the lateral incisors and premolars called?

Canines/Cuspids

What are the front 6 teeth called?

Anterior

What are the back 10 teeth called?

Posterior

What are the teeth in front of the molars called?

Premolars/Bicuspids

What are the very back teeth called?

Molars

What is the function of the central and lateral incisors?

To cut

What is the function of the canines?

To pierce and to hold

What is the function of the premolars and molars?

To chew

Tooth positions used in nomenclature

-maxillary

-mandibular

-anterior

-posterior

2 sequences of eruption

Primary and Secondary Dentition

Another name for primary dentition

Deciduous

Another name for secondary dentition

Permanent

How many primary/deciduous teeth?

20

How many secondary/permanent teeth?

32

What teeth do primary dentition lack?

The 8 premolars and wisdom teeth

What is the order for ID/naming a tooth?

1) Dentition: permanent or deciduous

2) Arch: Maxillary or mandibular

3) Side: Left or right

4) Tooth name: Canine etc.

What is the universal numbering system for permanent teeth?

1-32

What is the universal numbering system for deciduous teeth?

A-T

In what order are teeth numbered?

Quadrants 1-4, starting on the right maxillary side

What teeth are in quadrant 1 for permanent teeth?

1-8

What teeth are in quadrant 2 for permanent teeth?

9-16

What teeth are in quadrant 3 for permanent teeth?

17-24

What teeth are in quadrant 4 for permanent teeth?

25-32

What teeth are in quadrant 1 for deciduous teeth?

A-E

What teeth are in quadrant 2 for deciduous teeth?

F-J

What teeth are in quadrant 3 for deciduous teeth?

K-O

What teeth are in quadrant 4 for deciduous teeth?

P-T

Where is the Palmer ID System used?

Orthodontics

How many different bracket shapes in the Palmer System?

4

Permanent Dentition for Palmer System numbering

1-8

Primary Dentition for Palmer System numbering

A-E

What quadrant of the palmer system is this?

Upper Right

What quadrant of the palmer system is this?

Upper Left

What quadrant of the palmer system is this?

Lower Right

What quadrant of the palmer system is this?

Lower Left

Two main parts of a tooth

Crown and Root

Two parts of the Crown of the tooth

Enamel and Dentin

Parts of the Root of the tooth

Pulp and Cementum

Do baby teeth have more enamel or dentin?

Enamel

What percentage of calcium hydroxyapatite in the enamel

95%

What is the hardest substance in the body?

Enamel

What makes the tooth white?

Enamel

What is the external surface layer of the crown?

Enamel

What is number 1?

Enamel

What is number 2?

Dentin

What is number 3?

Pulp

What is number 4?

Cementum

What is number 5?

Root

What is number 6?

Crown

Is dentin sensitive?

Yes!

Percentage of calcium hydroxyapatite in Dentin

70%

Is dentin visible?

Not normally, can appear with grinding, etc.

What directly underlays the enamel and cementum?

Dentin

Percentage of calcium hydroxyapatite in cementum

65%

What is the external layer of the root?

Cementum

Is the cementum thick or thin?

Very thin

Where is the cementum located?

Covering the root, under the gum and bone

How many junctions are there?

3

What is the junction where the enamel meets the cementum?

Cement enamel (CEJ) or Cervical Line

What is the junction where the cementum meets the dentin?

Cementodentinal

What is the junction where the enamel meets the dentin?

Dentinoenamel

What junction is red?

Cementoenamel (CEJ), or cervical line

What junction is blue?

Cementodentinal

What junction is yellow?

Dentinoenamel

What is pulp?

Soft, mineralized connective tissue

Contains blood vessels and nerves

Normally not visible

What does a normal pulp indicate?

Vitality and nutrition in the tooth

A root canal is needed when a tooth is non-vital

What does the pulp do if a filling becomes too deep?

It protects the tooth!

The pulp is as formative, sensory, nutritive, and protective functions

What is the formative pulp function?

Odontoblasts produce dentin (layers)

What is the sensory function of pulp?

Sense of pain

What is the nutritive function of pulp?

Transports nutrients

What is the protective function of pulp?

Repairs dentin in response to injury (drilling too deep)

Periodontal Structures

Alveolar bone

Gingiva

Periodontal ligament

Alveolar bone

Bone that surrounds the roots

Gingiva

Soft tissue that covers the alveolar bone

Periodontal ligament

Thin ligament that connects tooth and surrounding bone

What is number 1?

Free Gingiva

What is number 2?

Attached gingiva

What is number 3?

Periodontal ligament

What is number 4?

Alveolar bone

What is number 5?

Cementum of root

What is number 6?

Gingival margin