ARTAPP1 Reviewer: History of Arts, Art Movements & Soul-Making

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering the history of art from prehistoric to contemporary periods, major art movements, Da Vinci principles, and Philippine cultural arts.

Art Historians

Professionals concerned with gathering information about works of art and the artists who created them, viewing artworks as visual documents reflecting societal ideas and beliefs.

Art Critics

Professionals who focus their attention on gaining information from works of art through operations like description, analysis, interpretation, and judgment.

Paleolithic Art

Art from the Old Stone Age consisting of cave wall paintings, petroglyphs, and Venus's figurines produced for functional, communicative, or ritual purposes.

Cuneiform

Wedge-shaped writing developed by the Sumerians, evolving from pictograms inscribed on clay tablets using a stylus.

Mask of Tutankhamun

A death mask made from over $10\,kg$ of high-karat gold with inlaid stones, discovered in 1923 and considered the most famous artwork of ancient Egypt.

High Aesthetic Idealism

A Greek characteristic where art is not a direct representation of reality but an idyllic, perfect vision of the artistic mind.

The Orator

A life-size bronze statue of Aule Metele dating to the early 1st century B.C.E. depicting him in a Roman magistrate's outfit.

Renaissance

A period of "rebirth" between 1400 and 1600 AD characterized by linear perspective, a scientific understanding of human anatomy, and a focus on nature.

Mannerism

An art period following the Renaissance where artists created images of elongated, slightly disproportionate figures and prioritized style over subject matter.

Chiaroscuro (Baroque trait)

A technique often used by Baroque artists like Artemisia Gentileschi to create dramatic lighting that heightens emotional intensity.

Neoclassicism

An art reformation seeking to bring back classical elements of ancient Greeks and Romans, moving away from decorative Baroque and Rococo styles.

Impressionism

A 19th-century French movement characterized by vivid colors, loose visible brushwork, and an investigation into the changing properties of light.

SDG #11

Sustainable Development Goal aimed at making cities inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable, with Target 11.4 calling for the protection of world cultural heritage.

Republic Act No. 10066

The National Cultural Heritage Act of 2009, which provides for the protection and conservation of Philippine national cultural heritage.

Art Movement

A tendency or style of art with a specific objective and philosophy followed by a group of artists during a specific period.

Humanism

A Renaissance philosophy based on the idea that "Man is the measure of all things," emphasizing individual character and intellectual freedom.

Cubism

The first style of abstract art, developed by Picasso and Braque, which provided a "new way of seeing" in response to technological progress.

Fauvism

An art movement characterized by a liberated approach to color used at maximum intensity to create effective compositions.

Dadaism

A form of artistic anarchy born out of disgust for social and political values, functioning as a protest movement with an anti-establishment manifesto.

Surrealism

A 20th-century movement that explored the "unconscious mind" and sought a heightened reality found in dreams and imagination.

Pop Art

An art movement of the 1950s and 1960s inspired by mass-media and mass-production, first coined by British critic Lawrence Alloway.

Soul-making

The theory that evil and suffering exist to allow humans to develop their souls by learning and becoming good, moral people.

Curiosità

The Da Vinci principle representing an insatiable curious approach to life and an unrelenting quest for continuous learning.

Sfumato

The Da Vinci principle representing a willingness to embrace ambiguity, paradox, and uncertainty; literally "going up in smoke."

Arte/Scienza

The Da Vinci principle of whole-brain thinking, which involves developing a balance between logic (science) and imagination (art).

Connessione

The Da Vinci principle recognizing the interconnectedness of all things and phenomena.

Manunggul Jar

A Neolithic burial jar from Palawan featuring two figures paddling a "ship of the dead," proving early Filipino beliefs in the afterlife.

Retablos

Elaborate altarpieces with niches for icons, introduced during the Spanish colonial period, often described as a "cabinet of saints."

Fernando Amorsolo

The first National Artist of the Philippines known for rendering distinct Philippine sunlight and idealizing rural life with the "dalagang bukid."

Guillermo Tolentino

A classically trained sculptor known for the UP Oblation and the Bonifacio Monument in Caloocan.

Trapunto

A technique pioneered by Pacita Abad involving stitching and stuffing canvases with cloth, beads, and shells for a 3D effect.

Kidlat Tahimik

Known as the Father of Philippine independent film and a National Artist for Film associated with Third Cinema.

Napoleon Abueva

The youngest National Artist awardee and the Father of Modern Filipino Sculpture.

Inabel

A traditional handwoven textile from the Ilocos region created on wooden looms.

Okkil (Okir)

A Maranao motif characterized by flowing floral or S-shaped forms inspired by local plants and sea corals.

Bulul

An Ifugao anthropomorphic carving representing a rice god or guardian spirit used in rituals for an abundant harvest.

Kango

An Ifugao headdress made from a hornbill's skull and beak, worn exclusively by the "kadangyan" (propertied elite).

Apo Whang-Od

A traditional Kalinga tattoo artist who received the 2018 Dangal ng Haraya Award for Intangible Cultural Heritage.

Art Criticism

A reasoned activity involving the description, analysis, interpretation, and judgment of visual art to pursue a rational basis for appreciation.

Feldman's Four Steps

The sequential approach to art criticism consisting of Description, Analysis, Interpretation, and Judgment.

Nonobjective Subject Matter

Art that has no identifiable forms or recognizable subjects, focusing instead on basic elements like line, shape, and color.