Genetics Unit 2

inheritance

Dominant

in alleles this is the one that is going to be present in the phenotype

Recessive

needs 2 alleles to be present in the phenotype

Co dominant

they both are expressed in the phenotype most likel in dots or stripe

Incomplete dominant

both are expressed and are mixed together creating new color like red white makes pink

Probability

is the answer of a monohybrid or dihybrid cross, shows the chances that those offspring have to be that phenotype

autosomal

not sex linked genes are found on any of the other 22 chromosomes

sex-linked

hold traits or diseases only found on the X chromosome men more susceptible to these traits

monohybrid cross

cross same allele but two different traits

dihybrid cross

cross two different alleles and two different traits

Rh factor

determines if blood is positive or negative, if there positive if absences negative

carrier

They have 1 recessive gene but it is not active but is able to be passed down to their children

polygenic

is a single trait that Is influenced by 2 or more genes

Epistasis

form of gene interaction where one gene hides the other gene

multiple alleles

multiple versions of a single gene in an individual

karyotype

its the full spread of chromosomes, it allows you to see the autosomal and sex chromosomes any mutations that may be in the chromosomes

pedigree

it is a tracker of multiple generations that shows affected persons with a trait or disease along with identifying the person who gave the information to

gene

holds all the information on traits, determines phenotype and is the basic physical and functional heredity

segregation

homologous chromosomes will seperate during meiosis only one chromosome from each pair and only one allele is in each gamate

independent assortment

alleles of different genes will separate independently of one another in meiosis

genotype

set of alleles with code for the physical traits

phenotype

physical traits or representation of the phenotype

sporadic cancer

is by chance could be random mutation, could also be from outside influences

hereditary cancer

is a genetic mutation from tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes, and DNA repair genes

homozygous

two alleles that are the same for the same trait

heterozygous

two alleles that are different for the same trait

hybrid

form of crossing two organisms from distinct species varieties or populations to create hybrids

pure

has not been crossed with anything else usually has a homozygous genotyope

lethal genes

two types of lethal genes dominant and recessive, with recessive one gene will effect the phenotype but both will kill it, dominant one gene will result in death

tumor suppressor genes

normally stop formation of tumors when mutated the division of tumorous cells wont stop

alleles

different versions of a trait