CH 11 The Endocrine System

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54 Terms

1

Where is the pituitary gland located?

located in the sella turcica and suspended from the diencephalon by infundibular stalk

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2

Infundibular Stalk

Connects the pituitary to the hypothalamus, allows yo exert control over the pituitary by blood borne factors

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3

Tropic hormones

some hormones will effect other hormone producing organs

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4

What are the two portions of the pituitary?

  • Adenohypophysis

  • Neurohypophysis

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5

What are the three regions of the neurohypophysis?

  • Pars nervosa

  • median eminence

  • infundibular stalk

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6

Posterior pituitary

stores hormones produced by the hypothalamus

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7

Hering bodies

secretions stored and released into capillary beds when needed by the body

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8

where does Adenohypophysis arises from?

evagination of the stomodeum

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9

How is the evagination of stomodeum called in amniotes, sharks and bony fishes?

Rathke’s Pouch

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10

What are the three portions of the anterior pituitary?

  • pars distalis

  • pars intermedia

  • pars tuberalis

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11

The anterior pituitary is

the truly endocrine portion of the pituitary producing hormones

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12

Hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal track

chemical factos that travel from the hypothalamus to the pituitary

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13

the hormons of the adenohypophysis are:

  • somatropin GH

  • Thryotropin TSH

  • Adrenocorticotropin ACTH

  • prolactin PRL

  • Melanocyte

  • stimulating hormone MSH

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14

The pineal gland

evagination of the epithalamus that has developed from the median eye

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15

what is the function of the pineal gland?

produces several hormones based on photic stimulation

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16

what hormones are produced by the pineal gland?

Serotonin - normal barin physiology

melatonin - establishment of circadian rhythms

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17

Aminogenic tissue

produces catecholamines and males up the adrenal medulla in mammals

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18

aminogenic tissue is derived from

Ectoderm

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19

Steroidogenic tissue

produces a variety of steroid based hormones and makes up the adrenal cortex

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20

steroidogenic tissue derives from

mesoderm

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21

aminogenic tissues in amniotes

discrete adrenal gland located at cranial aspect of the kidneys

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22

aminogenic cells are also called

Chromaffin cells

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23

aminogenic tissues is controlled by

preganglionic neurons

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24

steroidogenic tissue is controlled by

tropic hormones

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25

Corticosteroids

secretions of the steoidogenic cells

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26

what are the three layers of the cortex?

  • zona glomerolusa

  • zona fasiculata

  • zona reticularis

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27

Zona glomerulosa

superficial layer and produces mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)

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28

Zona fasiculata

middle layer and produces glucocorticoids such as hydrocortisone (cortisol)

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29

Zona reticularis

deepest layer and produces gonadocorticoids

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30

endocrine gonads

testes, ovaries

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31

Interstitial cells of Leydig

produce mal sex hormone testosterone, small clusters of epithelial endocrine cells

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32

Ovary

produces the femla sex hormone estrogen, and progesterone

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33

Estrogen

allows for maintenance of secondary female sexual characteristics and helps regulate reproductive cycle

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34

Progesterone

role in ovulation and maintaining the endometrial thickening for implantation of the embryo

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35

endocrine organs from endoderm

  1. thyroid

  2. parathyroids

  3. ultimobranchial glands

  4. thymus

  5. pancreas

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36

Thyroid

develops from epithelial cells located pm the floor of the pharynx

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37

Follicular cells

produce thyroxine, arranged into hollow spheres

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38

Thyroglubin

colloidal mass of thyroxine

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39

Parafollicular cells

produces calcitonin in mammals

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40

Calcitonin

regulates blood calcium levels

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41

Parathyroids

produce parathyroid hormone PTH

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42

Parathyroid hormone PTH

helps regulate blood-calcium levels, causes calcium to be removed from bone tissue when calcium is low

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43

Ultimobranchial glands

produce calcitonin, develop from the last pair of pharyngeal pouches

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44

ultimobranchial glands are present in

all gnathostomes except mammals

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45

Thymus

lymphoid organ that in birds and mammals also have endocrine role

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46

what hormone is produced by the thymus in mammals and birds?

Thymosin

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47

Thymosin

stimulate the immune response

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48

Thymus is filled with

lymphocytes and macrophages

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49

Bursa of Fabricus.

evagination of cloaca in young birds, supplements the thymus

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50

Pancreas arises from

endodermal evagination of the foregut

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51

Acinar cells

produce pancreatic juice

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52

Isles of Langerhans

endocrine pancreas arranged as small clusters of cells in mammals

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53

Insulin

causes glucose to be stored as glycogen when glucose levels are high

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54

Glucagon

causes glucose to be released from glycogen into the blood when glucose levels are low

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