Foundational Documents

What is the Declaration of Independence?

A historic document adopted on July 4, 1776, which announced the thirteen American colonies' separation from Great Britain.

What did the Articles of Confederation establish?

Established the first framework of government for the United States after independence, creating a loose confederation of states with a weak central government.

What is the Constitution of the United States?

Ratified in 1788, is the supreme law of the land that outlines the national framework of government, including the separation of powers.

What is Federalist No. 10 about?

Written by James Madison, argues for the ratification of the Constitution and discusses how a large republic can better guard against factions.

What is Brutus No. 1?

An anti-Federalist paper that argues against the ratification of the Constitution, claiming it would lead to a central government that is too powerful.

What is Federalist No. 51's main idea?

By Madison, emphasizes the need for checks and balances in government to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful.

What does Federalist No. 70 advocate?

Written by Alexander Hamilton, argues for a strong, energetic executive leader and explains the importance of a single president.

What is the main argument of Federalist No. 78?

Discusses the role of the judiciary, emphasizing the importance of an independent judiciary and its power of judicial review.

What is the 'Letter from Birmingham Jail'?

Written by Martin Luther King Jr. in 1963, advocating for civil rights and explaining the moral duty to resist unjust laws.