Human Chromosomes
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10 Terms
Chromosomes
Structures composed of DNA and proteins that carry genetic information.
Human Chromosomes
Humans have 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs, including 22 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes.
Autosomes
Chromosomes that are not involved in determining an individual's sex; humans have 22 pairs of autosomes.
Sex Chromosomes
The pair of chromosomes that determine the biological sex of an individual; XX in females and XY in males.
X Chromosome
The larger sex chromosome that contains about 2,000 genes, most of which are unrelated to sex.
Y Chromosome
The smaller sex chromosome with fewer than 100 genes and contains the SRY gene that determines male development.
SRY Gene
The Sex-determining Region Y gene that triggers the development of male characteristics in embryos.
Gene Variation
The existence of multiple alleles for genes, leading to genetic diversity among individuals.
Gene Splicing
A process by which a single gene can code for multiple proteins, increasing protein diversity through RNA splicing.
Human Genome
The complete set of human genes, estimated to contain about 20,000 to 22,000 genes.