Phonological Processes

Fronting

Substitution of an alveolar stop for a post alveolar or velar consonant

Velar Assimilation

A non velar consonant becomes velar in the presences of another velar

Labial Assimilation

A non labial consonant becomes a labial in the presence of another labial

Backing

alveolar consonants are pronounced as velar stops

Glottal replacement

replacement of a consonant with a glottal stop

stopping

substitution of a stop for a fricative or affricate

gliding

substitution of a glide for a liquid

lateralization

sounds that are produced with centralized air flow are pronounced with lateral air flow

affrication

stops or fricatives are pronounced as affricates

nasalization

nasal stops replace nonnasal consonants

denasalization

oral consonants replace nasal consonants

metathesis

the reversal of two sounds in a word

cluster reduction

deletion of a consonant in a consonant cluster

epenthesis

insertion of a vowel between consonants in a consonant cluster

vowel neutralization

a neutral vowel replaces another vowel

vocalization

a neutral vowel replaces a syllabic consonant

reduplication

repetition of a syllable

syllable deletion

deletion of an unstressed syllable

prevocalic voicing

consonants before a vowel are voiced

initial consonant deletion

the initial consonant in the word deletes

Final consonant devoicing

consonant that is voiced becomes voiceless

final consonant deletion

deletion of a consonant at the end of a syllable or word