Chemistry 1 Solo 2 Kahoot and Study Questions

An example of a monosaccharide would be

Glucose

The most common polysaccharides in animals is in the form of ________, which is located most abundantly in ______.

Glycogen; the liver

Conversion of glucose into lactate or pyruvate is referred to as

Glycolysis

The breakdown of glycogen stores in the liver to increase serum glucose is referred to as

Glycogenolysis

Insulin regulates blood glucose levels by

Stimulating the translocation of a glucose transporter and promoting glucose uptake into skeletal muscle and fat

Glucagon is made by the alpha-cells in the pancreas and when released causes elevated blood glucose. By what mechanism does glucagon promote hyperglycemia

Glucagon stimulates glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis

What effect does epinephrine have on blood glucose value

Increases

A type 1 diabetic who is in the early stages of the disease is taken to the emergency room with symptoms of hypoglycemia. Which one of the following endogenous hormones might be the cause of this?

Glucagon

A fingerstick glucose value was 120 mg/dL. If unhemolyzed serum or plasma were tested from the same individual at the same time, what might the glucose value be?

approximately 132 mg/dL

A heparinized blood sample is received in the chemistry laboratory. After centrifugation, the plasma appears grossly hemolyzed. If the hexokinase method is used in this lab to measure glucose, how would the glucose value be affected?

A false decrease in results may occur

Which one of the following oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results at 2-hours post load glucose would be classified as diagnostic for impaired glucose tolerance?

195 mg/dL

An individual with a severe, uncontrolled case of type 1 diabetes mellitus will exhibit all of the following laboratory results except

Hyperinsulinemia

Which of the following is characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus

Circulating autoantibodies formed against pancreatic insulin-secreting cells

Factors identified as associated with (and possibly causing) type 1 diabetes mellitus include all of the following except

Insulin resistance

Which one of the following is not one of the markers most commonly found in over 85-90% of individuals with fasting hyperglycemia in type 1 diabetes?

Somatostatin autoantibodies

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Is associated with resistance to the action of insulin

The role of the clinical laboratory in diagnosis of diabetes mellitus involves initial diagnostic criteria. For many years, the only diagnostic criterion required was demonstration of hyperglycemia in two or more fasting plasma glucose tests. What other laboratory analysis is now considered to be useful as a diagnostic criterion?

Demonstration of elevated hemoglobin A1c

A pregnant woman at 27 weeks gestation is screened for gestational diabetes mellitus. Plasma venous glucose was measured at 1 hour following a 50g oral glucose load. What value must this glucose be above or equal to for a glucose tolerance test to be performed?

The value must be >/= 140 mg/dL glucose

In uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, excess ketones are present in the blood and urine because of

Increased breakdown of lipids (lipolysis)

Lab findings of a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis tend to reflect dehydration, electrolyte disturbances, and which blood gas disorder?

Metabolic acidosis

Glycated hemoglobins are formed by the addition of glucose to the _-terminal _ residue

N; valine

What is the preferred specimen for glucose analysis?

Sodium fluoride plasma

Select the enzyme that is most specific for d-glucose

Glucose oxidase

A 2-month-old is evaluated for failure to thrive. Physical examination revealed hepatomegaly. Laboratory tests found severe hypoglycemia and ketonemia, and increased liver enzymes. The most likely cause is

Von Gierke

The preferred screening test for diabetes in pregnant women is measurement of

One-or two-step approach

Conversion of glucose to glycogen describes

Glycogenesis

Formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources describes

Gluconeogenesis

Which hormone converts stored glycogen into glucose

Glucagon

Which hormones does the body release in response to hypoglycemia

Glucagon and epinephrine

What cells in the pancreas produce glucagon

Alpha

What cells in the pancreas produce insulin

Beta

CSF glucose values are roughly _______ of plasma glucose

60%

What is the reference range for fasting blood glucose in plasma/serum in an adult?

74-100mg/dL

In a fasting state, diabetes may be considered if the glucose is greater than

126 mg/dL

Which of the following a major finding in diabetic ketoacidosis

Compensatory hyperventilation

If carbohydrate intake has been too low before an OGTT, what will happen?

A false glucose tolerance curve will be obtained

What special procedure should be used when collecting a lactic acid specimen

Specimen should be chilled

What type of diabetes is associated with autoantibodies?

Type 1a

Which of the following describes gestational diabetes

Diabetes mellitus that develops in pregnancy

What is the preferred anticoagulant for glucose measurement

Sodium fluoride

Which of the following is a diagnostic criterion for metabolic syndrome

Increased triglycerides (>150mg/dL)

What is considered a normal HbA1C result

4-6%

What is the first sign of kidney disease in diabetic patients

Albuminuria

For hypoglycemia, 3 criteria must be met. This is known as

Whipple’s Triad

Which of the following is not a possible complication of diabetes

Audiopathy

Which of the following proteins decreases during an acute phase reaction?

Albumin