ANS 230- Exam 2 Material

4.5

Clinical rumen acidosis is most likely to occur when pH drops as low as:

Cellulose

Which of the following dietary component has the slowest rate of digestion in the rumen:

rumen acidosis

Excess grain fed to cows can cause:

addition of buffers

Which of the following can minimize rumen acidosis?

cellulase

Microbes enable ruminants to digest forage because they can produce:

microbes

Main source of metabolizable protein for ruminants is:

an increase in propionate

Feeding starch to ruminants typically results in:

extended periods of feed consumption

a relatively slower rate of feed passage

continuous supply of SCFA particularly propionate

what contributes towards a steady state glucose homeostasis in ruminants?

ketones

During prolonged fasting, glucose may be limited and the brain must switch its source of energy to:

Propionate

In ruminants, this gluconeogenic SCFA serves as the main source of glucose:

Secondary protein structure

The amine group of one amino acid combines with the carboxyl group of another to form a peptide. When the peptides orient in alpha helices or beta sheets they are characteristic of:

Chylomicrons

Fatty acids, other lipids and cholesterol are absorbed across the brush border of the small intestine, resynthesized into triglycerides and repackaged as:

Amphoteric

When molecules can react both as an acid and base they are:

biohydrogenation

Rumen microbes have a low tolerance for dietary unsaturated fatty acids which they convert to more saturated forms. This process is called:

cholesterol

This molecule plays a major role in cell membrane fluidity

micelles

During the process of lipid breakdown these molecules enable lipid digestion products to be transported to the epithelium for absorption into the small intestine

all of the above

Which of the following is a ketone

1. Acetone

2. acetoacetate

3. beta hydroxybutyrate

the R-group

What differentiates the 20 common amino acids?

Chylomicrons

Which of the following lipoprotein has the highest lipid to protein ratio?

linolenic

is linoleic or linolenic omega 3 fatty acid?

Acetic Acid

Identify this structure

Propionic Acid

Identify this structure

Butyric Acid

Identify this structure

Butyrate and Acetate

Which fatty acids are lipogenic?

Propionate

Which SCFA is gluconeogenic?