Chapter 5: Long-Term Memory Part 2

Cognitive Psychology

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

a psychological problem where a person experiences intense, long-lasting anxiety and worry which lasts for at least 6 months

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

this condition is characterized by re-experiencing of an extremely traumatic event

Social Phobia

a condition wherein a person becomes extremely anxious in social situations

Amnesia

It is a condition that might be a result of brain damage leading to severe deficits of episodic memory

Retrograde Amnesia

This is the loss of memory of events prior to brain damage, and is especially severe for events that happened during years just before said damage. It is also characterized by autobiographical memory impairments.

Anterograde Amnesia

This is the loss of ability to from memory of events after brain damage.

Hippocampus

Brain region underneath the cortex that is important for learning and memory tasks

Expertise

People who have this demonstrates impressive memory abilities and consistently exceptional performance on representative tasks jin a particular area.

Autobiographical Memory

Memory for events and issues that are related to oneself

Ecological Validity

This pertains to an element of research where the conditions in which a research is concducted are similar to the natural setting to which results will be applied

Schema

General knowledge or expectation from past experiences with someone or something, that is used to guide our recall. This is also referred to as mental shortcuts.

Consistency Bias

It is a tendency during recall when a person exaggerates consistency between our past feelings and beliefs and current view points.

Source Monitoring

It is the process of trying to identify the origin of a particular memory.

Source-monitoring Errors

This happens when you make a mistake by thinking that Source A provided the information when Source B was the one who actually provided it

Reality Monitoring

This is when you try to identify whether an event really occurred or whether you only imagined it.o

Flashbulb Memory

This refers to memory for circumstances in which a person first learned about a very surprising and emotionally arousing event

Eyewitness Testimony

This requires people to remember specific details about people and events, usually during occurrences of crimes.

Recovered-Memory Perspective

This view supports that some individuals who experiences sexual abuse during childhood managed to forget the memory for many years but it resurfaces to their consciousness years after.

False-Memory Perspective

This view proposes that most of the recovered memories of sexual abuse during childhood are actually incorrect memories which are constructed stories about events that never occurred.

Betrayal Trauma

This is used to describe how a child respond adaptively when a trusted parent or caretaker betrays them by sexual abuse. The response actively inhibits memories of abuse to maintain the attachment to this trusted person.

Post-event Misinformation Effect

In an eyewitness testimony, when people first view an event and then are given misleading information about the event. Later on, they mistakenly recall the misleading information, rather than the vent they actually saw.

Proactive Interference

This refers to trouble recalling new material because of previously learned material interfering with new memories

Retroactive Interference

This refers to trouble recalling old material because of recently learned material interfering with old memories.

Constructivist Approach

This emphasize that a person construct knowledge by integrating new information with what they already know .