Vascular System Disorders

Flashcards about arterial embolism, venous insufficiency, venous thrombosis, varicose vein disease, thromboangiitis obliterans, Raynaud's disease, aneurysms and lymphangitis

What is a common cause of Arterial Embolism?

A thrombus in the heart.

What are the risk factors for Arterial Embolism?

Obesity, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, high BP, diabetes, stress.

What diagnostic tests are used for Arterial Embolism?

MRI, angiography.

How is Arterial Embolism managed?

Anticoagulants and thrombolytics.

What are the contraindications for using anticoagulants and thrombolytics in Arterial Embolism?

Pregnancy, uncontrolled hypertension, recent major surgery, active internal bleeding, cardiovascular accident.

What is Chronic Venous Insufficiency?

Veins can't send blood from extremities back to the heart.

What are the risk factors for Chronic Venous Insufficiency?

Age, female, family history, obesity, tall height, pregnancy.

List signs and symptoms of Chronic Venous Insufficiency.

Edema (around ankles), ulcers, leg cramps, brownish skin discoloration, heavy/dull ache, cool skin temperature.

Name some management techniques for Chronic Venous Insufficiency?

Elevate legs when sitting, apply stockings before rising, remove 10-20 minutes for bathing/skin care, replace every 4-6 months.

What are the 3 contributing factors to Venous Thrombosis?

Stasis of the blood, damage to vessel walls, hypercoagulability.

What is a grave complication of Venous Thrombosis?

Pulmonary embolism.

What are the risk factors for Venous Thrombosis?

Recent surgery, older age, leg trauma, family history, obesity, cancer, pregnancy.

What are some management therapies for Venous Thrombosis.

Bed rest with elevation of extremities, moist soaks, compression stockings.

What are the signs and symptoms of large emboli?

Increased dyspnea, chest pain, THR, cough, fever

What are the risk factors for Varicose Vein Disease?

Aging, pregnancy, obesity, prolonged standing.

What are symptoms of Varicose Vein Disease?

Dull aching sensations when standing/walking, purple color, muscle fatigue, ankle edema, muscle cramps.

What are some management guidelines for Varicose Vein Disease.

Support stockings and avoid restrictive garments, activity restrictions.

What are the risk factors for Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger's Disease)?

Men ages 35-40 who smoke.

What key lifestyle change is important in the treatment of Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger's Disease)?

Smoking cessation.

What are some treatment options for Thromboangiitis Obliterans?

Palliative treatment, analgesics, antibiotics.

List signs and symptoms of Raynaud Disease.

Chronically cold hands, numbness/tingling, pallor, non-symmetrical finger involvement.

What are some treatments for Raynaud's Disease?

CCB's & alpha-adrenergic blockers, sympathectomy (severe).

What are some lifestyle modifications for Raynaud's Disease?

Smoking cessation, foot warming devices, thick socks.

List risk factors for Aneurysms.

≥65, family history, lifestyle, COPD, male.

What procedure is used for patients with AAA?

TEVAR.

What is Lymphangitis?

Acute inflammation of lymphatic channels.

What are the signs and symptoms of Lymphangitis?

Swollen lymph nodes, tenderness, wound isn't healing, feeling weak/ill.

What are the treatment protocols for Lymphangitis?

Antimicrobials, elevation of limb, warm wet dressings, elastic support hose.