10. Amines and Amides

What is an Amine?

• An ammonia molecule that has one (or more)

  of its hydrogens replaced by an alkyl group

• General Formula: CₙH₂ₙ₊₃N

• Functional Group: NH₂

How do you determine if an Amine is Primary (1°), Secondary (2°), or Teritiary (3°)?

1. one alkyl group attached to the N

2. two alkyl groups attached

3. three alkyl groups attached

What are an Amine’s Properties?

• strong odours

• amines found in urine, decaying flesh

• small ones soluble in water

What are Amides?

• carbonyl group bonded with an amine

  • carboxyamide functional group

• carboxylic acid + ammonia, primary/secondary amines to produce amides

What is the General Formula for Amides?

CₙH₂ₙ₊₁NO

How do you form Amines?

alkyl halide (carbon chain with a halogen) + ammonia

What is the classification of Amine presented in the photo? What can further do with it?

1. it is a primary amine

2. by adding another alkyl halide, we can create a secondary amine

What classification is presented here?

a secondary amine

How can you create Amides?

carboxylic acid + ammonia/primary or secondary amine

a condensation reaction

Reduction of Nitrobenzene

First Step

1. Nitrobenzene, C₆H₅NO₂, is dissolved in a mixture of tin and concentrated HCl

2. the mixture is heated under reflux in a water bath

3. phenylammonium ions, C₆H₅NH₃⁺

Second Step

1. phenylammonium + NaOH removes the H⁺ (creates water) and creates phenylamine, C₆H₅NH₂