Architectural History, Typology, and Human Drivers

Flashcards covering historical shifts in manufacturing and religious architecture, 20th-century building innovations, museum design, and human psychological drivers behind architectural forms.

Age of Craftsmanship

The early period when man worked at home through individual effort, taking pride in created products and engaging in personal rather than impersonal business.

19th Century Factories

Industrial facilities originating in the last half of the 19th century where small shops grew into factories, characterized by unorganized labor, insufficient light and air, few windows, gloom, inefficiency, and little thought for worker conditions.

20th Century Factories

Well-planned factories with pleasant surroundings created in an age of competition and mass production to achieve efficient operation in price and quality.

Ancient Temples

Temples built in the past for worshipping different gods where only priests entered, causing the exterior to receive more attention than the interior.

Christian Churches

Structures built to hold a congregation participating in the worship of God, making the interior in many respects more important than the exterior.

Medieval Churches

Places of worship that also served as educational centers for the illiterate masses, using interior and exterior carvings and sculptures to furnish a chronology of biblical events.

Automobile Architecture

Structures necessitated by the automobile—including garages, filling stations, and bus terminals—which rendered narrow horse-and-buggy streets almost obsolete.

Railroad Terminals

Magnificent passenger and freight structures created by the expansion of railroads that made large industrial centers possible.

Steamship Docks and Warehouses

Infrastructure that gained added importance due to new types of steamships with increased tonnage.

Commercial Architecture

Large, complex, and taller buildings constructed to house modern business activities like banking and finance.

Past Museums

Museums historically designed to resemble palaces, with little thought given to the education and comfort of the public.

Modern Museum

Facilities designed to display art of the past and present for study and application to contemporary needs, requiring simplicity of arrangement, satisfactory lighting, and ease of circulation.

Rehabilitation Architecture

Structures including theatres, dance halls, arenas, ballparks, golf, and city clubs created to satisfy the need for recreation and leisure brought about by labor-saving devices.

Stimuli to Action

Fundamental impulses or desires that must be satisfied for life to exist and civilization to develop.

Resulting Manifestations (RM)

The effect of fundamental stimuli to action upon human life and architecture.

Desire for Preservation

The fundamental desire to obtain food, shelter, clothing, and security, requiring accompanying architectural structures for commerce, government, and religion.

Desire for Recognition

The desire for prestige, pride, ambition, social status, physical supremacy, and intellectual attainment that leads to the erection of palaces, skyscrapers, cathedrals, public buildings, and monuments.