Bus Stats Quiz 4

probablitiy

the study of likelihood and uncertainty, the number of ways a particular outcome can occur, divided by the total number of outcomes

hypthesis testing

the process of determining whether a hypothesis is supported by the results of a research study

multiplication rule

a probability rule stating that the probability of a series of outcomes occuring on successive trials is the prodcut of their individual probabilities, when the sequence of outcomes is independent

addition rule

a probability rule stating that the probability of one outcome occuring on a particular trial is the sum of their indivifdual probabilities, when the outcomes are mutually exclusive

null hypothesis

the hypthesis predicting that no difference exists between the groups being compared

alternative hypothesis

the hypothesis that the researcher wants to support, predicing that. significant difference exists between the two groups being compared

two tailed hypothesis

an alternative hypthesis in which the researcher predicts that the groups being compared differ but does not predict the direction of the difference

one tailed hypothesis

an alternative hypothesis in which the researcher predicts the direction between the groups

type 1 error

an error in hypothesis testing in which the null hypothesis is rejected when it is true

type 2 error

an error in hypthesis testing in which there is a failure to reject the null hypothesis when it is false

statistical significance

an observed difference between two descriptive statistics that is unlikely to have occured by chance

single group design

a research study in which there is only one group of participants

inferential statistics

procedures for drawing conclusions about a population based on data collected from a sample

parametric test

a statistical test that involves making assumptions about estimates of population characteristics, or parameters