APES U6 fuel types, conversions, and more

petroleum/crude oil

oil that comes right from the ground; a black, gooey liquid consisting of many different combustible hydrocarbons

rich in Saudia Arabia, Venezuela, and Canada & good technology

petroleum/crude oil

natural gas

mainly made of methane and carbon dioxide

rich in Russia and Iran & transported in pipelines

natural gas

made after propane and butane gases are liquified & is the cleanest fossil fuel from low emissions

natural gas

coal

originated from peat found in places with poor drainage and made of decomposed organic material.

strip mining and mountaintop is used for extraction-→boiled to make steam

coal

rich in the US and RUSSIA and gives high amount of energy

coal

lowest to highest moisture amount

anthracite, bituminous, lignite, peat

lowest to highest heat content

peat, lignite, bituminous, anthracite

wood and charcoal

used in many developing countries

low impact on enviro

low accident risks because of precautions

big supply of uranium

nuclear advantages

low energy yeild

large-scale accidents if any take place

expensive

nuclear disadvantages

biomass

uses sun’s energy directly for heating for cooking and found in wood, seaweed, charcoal, crop residue

makes biodiesel and ethanol, biofuels are made from corn

biomass

mountaintop mining

can cause flooding and climate change

increase in nonrenewable reserves due to

new deposits, removal technology, deeper resources more profitable due to price inc.

for ores,

the more impact, the higher the ore grade

biodiesel…

is better for the enviro than ethanol and made of vegetable oil and has higher energy production than ethanol

today’s top 3 resources are

coal, oil, natural gas(increased since fracking)

EROERI

inputs/outputs and best if over 3

70’s-2000’s

CAFE standards-→ limit gallons for cars, Reagan and Ford lowered standards, Obama admin passed new legislation

secondary sources

primary sources

pv cells

best used for batteries but lose that energy over time and less reliable due to sunlight dependance.

hydroelectric

no pollutants emitted in production, China uses much of this, used for irrigation, but can change temperature and flow

geothermal

mainly around ring of fire, heats greenhouses and buildings, economically viable, can cause earthquakes

hydrogen fuel cells

most abundant element en el mundo, China and EU use a lot, energy carrier, nonpolluting, hard to store well and needs time to separate from other elements