Physical Science 100 - Exam 1 BYU

Newton's first law

an object will remain in uniform motion unless acted upon by a force

Newton's second law

describes how an object accelerates when a force is applied

Newton's third law

forces come in action/reaction pairs

Strong force creates

the force that holds the nucleus of an atom together.

Electromagnetic force causes

The force between two charged particles

Gravitational force

A force between objects with mass

Kinetic energy

Depends on the mass and speed.

Gravitational potential energy

depends on the mass and height

Electrical potential energy

depends on the distance between charged particles

Internal energy

depends on temperature

When you are in uniform motion, you can detect that motion because the laws of nature change depending on the speed of your reference frame.

False

The pressure in a fluid

increases with depth

What are the fundamental forces in the universe?

Strong nuclear, electromagnetic, weak nuclear, and gravity.

What are the four sources of knowledge?

Reason, intuition, sensory, and authority

What are quantities conserved in non-relativistic processes?

Total energy and total mass

What are the 2 postulates of relativity?

a) The laws of nature are the same for all observers in uniform motion.

b) The speed of light is constant for all observers in uniform motion.

What are the particles found in the nucleus of an atom?

protons and neutrons

What is true about mass?

a) Mass determines how much an object will accelerate in response to an applied force.

b) The size of gravitational forces depends on mass.

What statements are true for objects moving close to the speed of light relative to an observer?

a) Moving clocks run slow.

b) An object's mass is greater when it is moving than when it is at rest.

As two charges are brought closer together, what happens to the electric potential energy?

It changes, but whether it increases or decreases depends on whether the two charges are the same sign or different.

If you decrease the charge of one of a pair of charged objects, what will happen to the electromagnetic force between them?

It decreases

If you increase the mass of an object what will happen to the gravitational force on the object?

It increases

The light clock experiment is a thought experiment that illustrates

Time dilation

Two objects with different masses are dropped in a vacuum at the same time. Which of the following statements is true?

Both objects will hit the ground at the same time.

Which of Newton's laws describes objects moving in a straight line at constant speed?

Newton's 1st law.

Which of Newton's laws describes objects moving in a CIRCLE at constant speed?

Newtons 2nd law

Which of the following particles has negative electric charge?

Electron

Archimedes Principle states that the buoyant force on a submerged object is equal to:

The weight of the displaced fluid