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What is a sleep disorder?
Ongoing disruptions of normal waking and sleeping patterns that cause distress and impairment.
How is sleep disorder diagnosed?
polysomnography (sleep study).
What are some etiological factors to sleep disorders?
Medical disorders, mental health disorders, medications, substance use, environmental factors
What signs may indicate sleep disorders?
Excessive daytime sleepiness, inappropriate naps, chronic fatigue, impaired concentration and memory.
What is sleep hygiene and its #1 healthy habit?
simple habits & practices to promote better sleep;
establish and maintain a regular bedtime and rising time
What are the interventions for sleep disorders?
Behavioral interventions/CBT, psychotherapy, meds, referral to sleep specialist, education, interventions based on specific sleep disorder
What is the leading intervention for sleep disorders?
Establishing and maintaining a regular bedtime and waking time.
Name some examples of nursing diagnoses for sleep disorders.
Sleep pattern disturbance, insomnia, sleep deprivation, risk for injury, fall risk.
What is the primary elemental characteristic of insomnia?
Dissatisfaction with sleep quantity/quality
What is the prevalence of insomnia?
Insomnia is the most prevalent sleep-related problem, with increasing prevalence with age and greater in women
What mental disorders are related to increased insomnia?
Insomnia often occurs in depression and can increase the risk of relapse.
What is narcolepsy?
A chronic condition characterized by excessive sleepiness and repeated sleep attacks.
How long do sleep attacks last in narcolepsy?
Sleep attacks usually last 10-20 minutes.
What additional symptoms may accompany narcolepsy?
Cataplexy, dreamlike hallucinations, or sleep paralysis.
What is the primary cause suspected in narcolepsy?
A deficit in the neurotransmitter hypocretin.
What are the treatment goals for narcolepsy?
Control symptoms through lifestyle adjustments and possible CNS stimulants or antidepressants.
What are the characteristics of sleep-related breathing disorders?
Excessive sleepiness or insomnia, loud snoring or gasping during sleep apnea.
What is the most common type of sleep-related breathing disorder?
Obstructive sleep apnea.
What are some treatment options for sleep-related breathing disorders?
Lifestyle changes, nonsurgical treatments like CPAP, and surgical treatments such as tracheotomy.
What lifestyle changes may help treat sleep-related breathing disorders?
Weight loss, position changes during sleep.
What are parasomnias?
Disruptive sleep disorders characterized by abnormal behavior during sleep.
How is insomnia classified?
episodic, persistent, recurrent, or chronic.
What is stimulus control in the treatment of insomnia?
A behavioral technique that helps the individual associate sleep with a specific environment or cue.
What is the significance of 'sleep hygiene'?
Habits and practices that promote better sleep quality.
How does age affect sleep needs?
Older adults require the same amount of sleep as in younger age, despite common assumptions.
What is the importance of establishing a sleep routine?
A regular routine helps regulate the body’s internal clock, improving sleep quality.
What is cataplexy?
A sudden loss of muscle tone, often triggered by strong emotions.
What is central sleep apnea?
A type of sleep apnea that occurs due to a failure of the brain to send signals to the muscles that control breathing.
What lifestyle adjustments can aid individuals with narcolepsy?
Regulating sleep schedules and incorporating naps can help manage symptoms.
What is the focus of sleep hygiene practices?
To create a sleep-conducive environment and develop healthy sleep habits.
What are sleep-related parasomnias?
Disruptive events that occur during sleep, such as sleepwalking or night terrors.
What is obstructive sleep apnea?
A sleep disorder characterized by repeated episodes of airway blockage during sleep.
What are common misconceptions about sleep needs in older adults?
That they require significantly less sleep than when they were younger.
Identify appropriate sleep hygiene to promote better sleep.
regular sleep and rising schedule; avoid sleep deprivation and excessive sleeping to catch up; don’t eat lg meals before bed; avoid daytime naps; excercise daily; minimize caffeine and nicotine; don’t look at clock while in bed; don’t drink alcohol; don’t use bed for reading, working, watching tv, etc; soft music, relaxation tapes, or white noise may help
