cosmology midterm study guide for final

describe the scientific method

KEY HISTORICAL FIGURES

describe the ptolemaic model of the universe

describe the copernican model of the universe

what is the evidence for the copernican model of the universe

what are keplers laws of motion

what are newtons laws of motion

how did newton deduce the gravitational law

what is the celestial sphere, include right ascension, celestial equator, ecliptic, and the equinoxs. Be able to sketch

describe stellar parallax

describe spectroscopic parallax

describe the cepheid variable method of calculating distance

explain the tully fisher relationship for finding distance

what is a light year

what is a parasec

what is the conversion between lightyears and parasecs

what is the radius of the earth

what is the distance of the earth to the sun

distance to the nearest star

what is the diameter of our galaxy

how far is the nearest major galaxy

how old is the universe

define wavelength

define frequency

define period of a wavelength

define frequency of a wavelength

describe the color wavelength correlations of the electromagnetic spectrum

for which waves is the earths atmosphere transparent

visual and radio

why does light change direction when it moves from air to glass or water

understand and sketch the refractor telescope

understand and sketch the reflector telescope

how do light gathering power and resolution depend on aperture of telescope

what is aperture

understand what seeing is in terms of cosmology

what is active optics

what is adaptive optics

what powers the sun and stars

how do radiation pressure and gravity work together to create equilibrium in a star

what things impact the intensity of light from a source

intrinsic power and distance

what is apparent magnitude

what is absolute magnitude

what is the apparent magnitude of sirius

what is the apparent magnitude of the dimmest visible stars in the sky

red stars are what temp

blue stars are what temp

what is a nebula

what is a cluster

what is a galaxy

what is the messier catalog

what is the ngc catalog

why does the interaction of light with matter only occur at discrete wavelengths, and what does this result in

emission and absorption spectra, add more

how do we use emission and absorption spectra to determine chemical composition

what is the doppler effect

what is the difference between red and blue shifts

how did hubble deduce that the universe is expanding, and how does this prove age of universe

what is galilean relativity

what is special relativity

what is the difference between galilean and special relativity

when does special relativity apply

what are the postulates of special relativity

what is time dilation

what is length contraction

what are the three possible geometries of spacee

what are the two postulates of general relativity

what experimental evidence proves general relativity

why is the universe expanding

spacetime is expanding and also that our galaxy is not expanding

what is a black hole

under what circumstances can a black hole be created

how can a black hole be observed