Rocks and Minerals

intrusive igneous rocks cool at what rate?

slow

extrusive igneous rocks cool at what rate?

fast

do extrusive igneous rocks have large or small crystals

small

do intrusive igneous rocks have small or big crystals?

big

an intrusive rock with glassy texture indicates that it cooled?

instantly

an igneous rock that instantly cools has how many crystals?

none

felsic igneous rocks have?

aluminum and silicone

mafic rocks have?

iron and magnesium

vesicular rocks are rocks with?

gas pockets

clastic sedimentary rocks form from?

fragments of weathered rocks

crystalline sedimentary rocks form when?

water evaporates and crystals precipitate

bioclastic sedimentary rocks form from?

fragments of living things by process of cementation

lithified means?

to turn a sediment into rock

why could density change when a metamorphic rock forms?

there’s an increase in pressure which decreases the rocks volume

what happens when a rocks volume decreases but mass stays the same?

it’s density increases

what causes the foliated texture on metamorphic rocks?

the arrangement of minerals

what happens to the crystals on metamorphic rocks?

they become distorted

what causes minerals to be different shapes?

the arrangement of atoms in the mineral

what are the 3 mineral groups?

silicates, carbonates, oxides

what is this called?

a silicone oxygen tetrahedron

oxides are composed of?

oxygen and a metal

what are the 5 physical properties of minerals?

color, streak, luster, hardness, breakage

what are the 2 different types of breakage?

cleavage and fracture

cleavage is?

more “structured” breakage

fracture is?

more “random” breakage

what is double refraction?

when a mineral produces a double image