Textual Aids

Hierarchical

Based on ranking

Conceptual

According to concepts

Sequential

Step-by-step process

Cyclical

Based on developments

Concept Map

• General organizer that shows a central idea with its corresponding characteristics

• Excellent for brainstorming, activating prior knowledge, or generating synonyms

Pictograph

• Shows data using icons and images relevant to the data

Venn Diagram

• Used to identify the similarities and differences between two or more concepts

Cause-effect diagram (fishbone)

Emphasizes the direct relationship between different events or concepts

Bar graphs

A graphical representation of data, quantities, or numbers using bars or strips

Line graph

• Commonly shows information that changes over time

Pie chart

• Compare the contribution of each part to the whole data

Infographic

• Uses pictures, but also incorporate data and words